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  <title>计算基础</title>
  <description>计算基础是软件工程师需要能够应用的计算机科学概念，有别于把给定算法改写成计算机指令。</description>
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        <title>Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK Guide) v4.0a</title>
        <author>Hironori Washizaki (ed.), IEEE Computer Society</author>
        <date>2026-08</date>
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        <locator>Chapter 16; Introduction</locator>
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    <body>指南对比程序员和软件工程师：程序员把给定算法变成指令并运行；软件工程师则研究需求，架构并设计主要系统块，确定算法、通信机制、性能准则、测试与验收计划、维护方法，以及适合应用的工程过程与方法。本知识域是三个基础知识域之一，收入与软件工程直接相关的计算机科学内容。[^s1]&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;该知识域在指南中的一级主题为：&#xA;&#xA;- 系统或解决方案的基本概念&#xA;- 计算机体系结构与组织&#xA;- 数据结构与算法&#xA;- 程序设计基础与语言&#xA;- 操作系统&#xA;- 数据库管理&#xA;- 计算机网络与通信&#xA;- 用户与开发者的人因&#xA;- 人工智能与机器学习</body>
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