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  "description": "《道德经》又称《老子》，相传为春秋末期老子（李耳）所著，全书五千余言，今本分八十一章，是道家思想的奠基之作。出土文献以郭店楚简《老子》与马王堆帛书《老子》甲乙本最早，通行注本为河上公本与王弼本，外文译本数量在中国古籍中居前。",
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    "summary": "《道德经》又称《老子》，相传为春秋末期老子（李耳）所著，全书五千余言，今本分八十一章，是道家思想的奠基之作。出土文献以郭店楚简《老子》与马王堆帛书《老子》甲乙本最早，通行注本为河上公本与王弼本，外文译本数量在中国古籍中居前。",
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    "body": "## 概述\n\n《道德经》又称《老子》《道德真经》，相传为春秋末期老聃（李耳）所著，全书五千余言，今本分上下两篇共八十一章，上篇称《道经》、下篇称《德经》。它以韵散结合的短章论述“道”与“德”，是道家思想的奠基之作，后被道教奉为经典。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 成书与出土文本\n\n关于成书年代历来有春秋末期说与战国说，至今未有定论。1993年出土的郭店楚简《老子》三组抄本是迄今所见最早的文本，内容约为今本三分之一；1973年出土的马王堆帛书《老子》甲、乙本则为西汉早期的完整抄本，两本都是《德经》在前、《道经》在后，与通行本次序相反。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 版本与注释\n\n汉代以来传本众多，影响最大的注本是旧题河上公的《老子章句》与三国魏王弼的《老子注》，后者与魏晋玄学关系密切。唐代尊《老子》为《道德真经》，唐玄宗御注御疏本亦广泛流传；敦煌写卷中保存了多种唐代以前的抄本。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 内容与思想\n\n全书以“道”为万物本原与运行法则，主张统治者“无为”而民自化，崇尚柔弱、谦下、知足，并提出“祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏”等对立的转化观念。篇章多用格言、比喻与反诘，语言高度凝练。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 影响\n\n《道德经》确立了中国哲学中“道”的思维框架，与《庄子》并称“老庄”，深刻影响了后世的道家、道教、玄学、政治思想与文学艺术，并被译为多种语言。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q1074987|《庄子》]]\n- [[work_cn_q276015|《论语》]]",
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