{
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  "title": "戴维·巴尔的摩",
  "description": "戴维·巴尔的摩（David Baltimore，1938年3月7日—2025年9月6日）是1975 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。",
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    "title": "戴维·巴尔的摩",
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      "David Baltimore"
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    "summary": "戴维·巴尔的摩（David Baltimore，1938年3月7日—2025年9月6日）是1975 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主之一。",
    "status": "published",
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        "title": "David Baltimore – Facts",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/baltimore/facts/"
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        "id": "s2",
        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975",
        "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/summary/"
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        "title": "David Baltimore – Wikipedia",
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        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Baltimore"
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    "updatedAt": "2026-11-02T14:58:38+08:00",
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    "body": "**戴维·巴尔的摩**（David Baltimore，1938年3月7日—2025年9月6日）出生于纽约（美国），2025年9月6日在伍兹霍尔（美国）去世。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n戴维·巴尔的摩在斯沃斯莫尔学院获得学士学位，在洛克菲勒大学获得博士学位，先后在麻省理工学院、加州理工学院工作，1982年创立怀特黑德生物医学研究所并任首任所长至1990年，其后曾任洛克菲勒大学校长，1997年起任加州理工学院校长。[^s3]\n\n## 主要成就\n\n1970年，巴尔的摩与霍华德·特明各自独立地发现逆转录酶：某些RNA病毒携带的这种酶能以RNA为模板合成DNA，颠覆了“遗传信息只从DNA流向RNA”的中心法则。逆转录酶的发现揭示了逆转录病毒的复制机制，为艾滋病等疾病的诊断与抗病毒药物研发奠定了基础[^s1]。他还提出以病毒基因组类型与复制方式划分病毒的巴尔的摩分类法。[^s3]\n\n## 获奖\n\n1975 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 3 位得主共享，戴维·巴尔的摩占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)，所在地为剑桥（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_1975|1975 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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        "en": "Nobel Prize",
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      "listTitle": "1975 年诺贝尔奖",
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      "edition": "1975",
      "name": "戴维·巴尔的摩",
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