{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "sameNames": [ { "id": "work_cn_q1195444", "type": "work", "title": "孟子", "slug": "mencius", "aliases": [ "Mencius" ], "previousSlugs": [ "mencius-q1195444" ], "summary": "《孟子》是中国古代典籍，孟子著。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-classical-fiction" ], "tags": [ "tag-classics", "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q1195444", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195444" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孟子 (书)（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/孟子_(書)" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:25:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 7, "body": "## 概况\n\n《孟子》，中国古代典籍，儒家经典之一，由孟子及其弟子万章等人编成。南宋时朱熹将《孟子》与《论语》、《大学》、《中庸》合称“四书”。\n\n## 篇目\n\n全书七篇，各分上下：《梁惠王》、《公孙丑》、《滕文公》、《离娄》、《万章》、《告子》、《尽心》。\n\n## 思想\n\n书中记录孟子的言行与主张，提出性善论，主张仁政、王道。\n\n## 作者\n\n- [[person_cn_q188903|孟子]][^wikidata]", "url": "/works/mencius.html", "lang": "pt", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en", "es" ], "workKind": "book", "medium": "经部", "creators": [ "孟子" ] } ], "title": "孟子", "description": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邹（今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”，著有《孟子》七篇。", "url": "/pt/people/mencius.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q188903", "type": "person", "title": "孟子", "slug": "mencius", "aliases": [ "Mencius", "孟轲" ], "previousSlugs": [ "mencius-q188903" ], "summary": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邹（今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”，著有《孟子》七篇。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q188903", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188903" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "孟子（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "史記/卷074（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7074" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T13:41:43+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "孟子，名轲，战国时期邾国（邹国，今山东省邹城市）人，儒家代表人物。他受业于子思的门人，继承并发展孔子的学说，主张性善、仁政与王道，后世尊为“亚圣”，与孔子并称“孔孟”。[^zhengshi][^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n\u003e 孟軻，騶人也。受業子思之門人。道既通，游事齊宣王，宣王不能用。適梁，梁惠王不果所言，則見以為迂遠而闊於事情。當是之時，秦用商君，富國彊兵；楚、魏用吳起，戰勝弱敵；齊威王、宣王用孫子、田忌之徒，而諸侯東面朝齊。天下方務於合從連衡，以攻伐為賢，而孟軻乃述唐、虞、三代之德，是以所如者不合。退而與萬章之徒序詩書，述仲尼之意，作孟子七篇。\n\n——《史记·孟子荀卿列传》[^zhengshi]\n\n## 生平\n\n孟子是邾国（邹国）人。其祖先出自鲁国公族孟孙氏，食邑郕城被齐攻破后，子孙分散，孟子一支迁居邹国。他受业于[[person_cn_q1147803|子思]]的门人；子思卒年早于孟子出生数十年，故《史记》所记受业于子思门人之说较为可信。[^zhwiki]\n\n他效法[[person_cn_q4604|孔子]]，带领门徒游说诸侯：至齐事齐宣王，宣王不能用；至梁见梁惠王，其言被视为迂远而不切事情。当时秦用商鞅、楚魏用吴起、齐用孙膑田忌，诸侯以合纵连横与攻伐为务，而孟子称述唐、虞、三代之德，故所至多不合。晚年退居，与万章等弟子序《诗》《书》，述孔子之意，著《孟子》七篇。[^zhengshi]\n\n## 思想\n\n孟子学说的出发点是性善论。他认为人生来具有恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非之心，即仁义礼智的“四端”：人乍见孺子将入于井，皆有怵惕恻隐之心，并非为了结交其父母或求取名誉。人为不善，是失其本心，因此主张“求其放心”以复其性。[^zhwiki]\n\n政治上，他主张行仁政、王天下，认为君主应将不忍人之心推及于政，“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”；并提出“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”，认为民心向背决定政权存续。他重义轻利，又以“浩然之气”论修养。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 著作\n\n《孟子》七篇，即《梁惠王》《公孙丑》《滕文公》《离娄》《万章》《告子》《尽心》，各分上下。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 后世地位\n\n《汉书·艺文志》将《孟子》列入诸子略，视为子书。唐代韩愈作《原道》，以孟子为孔子之后唯一继承道统者，其地位自此逐渐上升。北宋元丰六年（1083年），孟子被追封为“邹国公”，翌年获准配享孔庙；元代至顺元年（1330年）加封“邹国亚圣公”，此后称“亚圣”，地位仅次于孔子。南宋朱熹将《孟子》与《论语》《大学》《中庸》合为“四书”，《孟子》亦列入“十三经”。[^zhwiki]\n\n相传明太祖朱元璋不满其民本思想，命刘三吾等删节《孟子》，编成《孟子节文》。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 姓名：孟轲[^wikidata][^zhwiki]\n- 简介：战国时期哲学家，儒家代表人物[^wikidata]\n- 所属朝代或国家：邾国（邹国）[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_cn_370883|邹城市]][^wikidata]\n\n## 著作\n\n- [[work_cn_q1195444|《孟子》]]", "url": "/people/mencius.html", "lang": "pt", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": -372, "display": "公元前372年" }, "death": { "year": -289, "display": "公元前289年" }, "occupations": [ "作家", "哲学家" ], "personCategory": "历史人物" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "China antiga", "description": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1084 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnworks_by_q1195444_q188903", "fromId": "work_cn_q1195444", 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