{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Пекин · Связи", "description": "Пекин — столица Китайской Народной Республики, город центрального подчинения, код административного деления — 110000; также важное место событий Движения 4 мая и развития современной науки.", "url": "/ru/places/beijing/relation-2.html", "entity": { "id": "place_beijing", "type": "place", "title": "Пекин", "slug": "beijing", "aliases": [ "北京", "Beijing", "Peking", "北平" ], "summary": "Пекин — столица Китайской Народной Республики, город центрального подчинения, код административного деления — 110000; также важное место событий Движения 4 мая и развития современной науки.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china", "tag-education", "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "北京市（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京市", "locator": "信息框" }, { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 110000 北京市" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q956", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956" }, { "id": "baidu", "title": "北京市（百度百科）", "url": "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82/126069", "locator": "基本信息" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T12:20:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T00:51:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 15, "body": "## Административное деление\n\nПекин — административная единица провинциального уровня Китайской Народной Республики (город центрального подчинения)[^mca2023]. В его состав входят 16 районов[^mca2023]: [[place_cn_110101|Дунчэн]], [[place_cn_110102|Сичэн]], [[place_cn_110105|Чаоян]], [[place_cn_110106|Фэнтай]], [[place_cn_110107|Шицзиншань]], [[place_cn_110108|Хайдянь]], [[place_cn_110109|Мэньтоугоу]], [[place_cn_110111|Фаншань]], [[place_cn_110112|Тунчжоу]], [[place_cn_110113|Шуньи]], [[place_cn_110114|Чанпин]], [[place_cn_110115|Дасин]], [[place_cn_110116|Хуайжоу]], [[place_cn_110117|Пингу]], [[place_cn_110118|Миюнь]], [[place_cn_110119|Яньцин]].\n\n## Основная информация\n\n- Код административного деления: 110000[^mca2023]\n- Площадь: 16 410,54 км²[^zhwiki]\n- Постоянное население: 21,80 млн человек (на конец 2025 года)[^baidu]\n- Валовой региональный продукт: 5 207,34 млрд юаней (2025 год)[^baidu]; на душу населения — около 239 тыс. юаней (2025 год)[^zhwiki]\n- Местонахождение правительства: район Тунчжоу, улица Юньхэ Дунцзе, 57[^baidu]\n- Телефонный код: 010; почтовый индекс: 100000[^baidu]\n- ISO 3166-2: CN-BJ[^zhwiki]\n- Коды автомобильных номеров: 京A—京Q, 京Y[^baidu]\n- Климат: тёплый умеренный полувлажный и полузасушливый муссонный климат[^baidu]\n- Часовой пояс: пекинское время (UTC+8)[^zhwiki]\n- Цветы города: китайская роза и хризантема; деревья города: туя восточная и софора японская[^zhwiki]\n\n## Исторические названия и этапы\n\n- 1368 год: смена названия с Даду эпохи Юань[^wikidata].\n- С 1421 года назывался «Пекин» (Бэйцзин), до 7 июня 1928 года[^wikidata].\n- С 8 июня 1928 года по 28 июля 1937 года: назывался «Бэйпин»[^wikidata].\n- С 29 июля 1937 года по 2 сентября 1945 года: назывался «Пекин» (Бэйцзин)[^wikidata].\n- С 3 сентября 1945 года по 30 сентября 1949 года: назывался «Бэйпин»[^wikidata].\n- С 1 октября 1949 года: называется «Пекин» (Бэйцзин)[^wikidata].\n\n## Наука и общественная жизнь\n\n[[organization_pku|Пекинский университет]] расположен в Пекине. [[event_mayfourth|Движение 4 мая]] 1919 года началось с демонстраций пекинских студентов.\n\n## Маршруты чтения\n\nОбзор этой демонстрационной библиотеки можно вести по трём направлениям: университеты, события и связанные с ними личности.", "url": "/places/beijing.html", "lang": "ru", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en", "id", "ru" ], "placeKind": "直辖市", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9042, "longitude": 116.4074 }, "locationNote": "Северный Китай; современная территория города не полностью совпадает с территорией исторической столицы.", "adminArea": "Китайская Народная Республика · Пекин", "established": { "year": 1421, "qualifier": "约", "display": "ок. 1421 года (переезд столицы при императоре Чэн-цзу династии Мин)" } }, "entities": null, "relations": [ { "id": "relation_api_2a6d011a5207fcee1b308d42", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_102477", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_102477", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_102477", "targetTitle": "Уведомление Народного правительства Пекина о разграничении зон, в которых запрещено использование внедорожной мобильной техники с высоким уровнем выбросов", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2c1174711fd2928f18b6eccb", "fromId": "place_beijing_muxiyuan_training_center", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_muxiyuan_training_center", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_muxiyuan_training_center", "targetTitle": "木樨园综合训练中心", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-muxiyuan-training-center.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2c90d32d56e5be20c601b0ae", "fromId": "work_beijing_culture_notice_3926988", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_culture_notice_3926988", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_culture_notice_3926988", "targetTitle": "北京市文化和旅游局关于2024年新增北京市红色旅游景区（点）名单的公告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-culture-notice-2024.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2caddd22449895fc81818bcc", "fromId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4579141", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4579141", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4579141", "targetTitle": "2026年环线管理处值守服务项目采购需求调查咨询公告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-water-notice-2026-04.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2d10dd6c5ce6984ece37190f", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2944899", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2944899", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2944899", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于实施工作日高峰时段区域限行交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice-2023.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2d6cfae9337a9645e9e9a99c", "fromId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744044975", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744044975", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_traffic_notice_744044975", "targetTitle": "关于调整东六环（小庞各庄-施园桥路段）双向部分车辆通行限制的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-east-sixth-ring-road-traffic-restriction-notice-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2e0c1dc9634cf156389ae5a5", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72638", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72638", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72638", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于法国机械“龙马”巡游表演活动正式演出及彩排期间燃放烟花爆竹的公告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice-2014-10-20.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2e3c81f76b30ae812b40d1f3", "fromId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_followup", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_followup", "sourceId": "chronicle" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_followup", "targetTitle": "关于戒严任务和维护首都秩序的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/martial-law-public-order-announcement.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2ec564a518e15f6218156419", "fromId": "place_beijing_diaoyutai_state_guesthouse", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_diaoyutai_state_guesthouse", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_diaoyutai_state_guesthouse", "targetTitle": "钓鱼台国宾馆", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-diaoyutai-state-guesthouse.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2f7f720c96c1327aae0dd7fe", "fromId": "place_beijing_yuetan_gymnasium", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_yuetan_gymnasium", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_yuetan_gymnasium", "targetTitle": "月坛体育馆", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-yuetan-gymnasium.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_2fccf312a9f11dbfb3a3dcf6", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_62007", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_62007", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": 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"work_beijing_water_notice_4856708", "targetTitle": "北京市水务局关于修改部分水务行政规范性文件的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-water-notice-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_31d0fefbde916ffef4ce3858", "fromId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_emergency", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_emergency", "sourceId": "chronicle" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_0603_emergency", "targetTitle": "关于天安门广场人员撤离的紧急通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/tiananmen-square-evacuation-notice.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_32bab84b60175eec3fd9077d", "fromId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872485", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872485", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4872485", "targetTitle": "密云水库流域水安全相关指标及水生态补充监测比选公告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-water-notice-miyun-ecological-monitoring-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3408a148fe8d93291d7d39f9", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72464", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72464", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_72464", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于实施交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice-2008-10-03.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_347615fd50b646c1b9373a0d", "fromId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4863335", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4863335", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_water_notice_4863335", "targetTitle": "凉水河管理处办公用房维修维护项目中选公示", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-water-notice-2026-09-14.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_35d32269e92aeff5a02582b9", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4847727", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4847727", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_4847727", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于温榆河（京密路—通顺界）提升工程占地范围禁止新增建设项目和迁入人口的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice-2026-09.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_36caa22373ab3ce80c237d47", "fromId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_17", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_17", "sourceId": "transcript" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_martial_law_joint_notice_1989_17", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府、戒严部队指挥部通告（1989年第17号）", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-martial-law-joint-notice-1989-17.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_38e843fa72c85902fe4cdd17", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2596171", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2596171", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2596171", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会开幕式闭幕式及彩排预演期间燃放烟花的公告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-government-notice-2022-01-20.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3a89b437f09651fb60003230", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_71051", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_71051", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_71051", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于收缴爆炸物品的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-explosives-surrender-notice-1984-7.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3accd850d37e9dcaa0dfa5ab", "fromId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_gymnasium", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_gymnasium", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_tsinghua_gymnasium", "targetTitle": "清华体育馆", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-tsinghua-gymnasium.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3b4526f88bc8af88ed80d7ce", "fromId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2012_15", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2012_15", "sourceId": "official_pdf" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_government_notice_2012_15", "targetTitle": "北京市人民政府关于实施工作日高峰时段区域限行交通管理措施的通告", "targetUrl": 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