{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "Пекин · Связи", "description": "Пекин — столица Китайской Народной Республики, город центрального подчинения, код административного деления — 110000; также важное место событий Движения 4 мая и развития современной науки.", "url": "/ru/places/beijing/relation-8.html", "entity": { "id": "place_beijing", "type": "place", "title": "Пекин", "slug": "beijing", "aliases": [ "北京", "Beijing", "Peking", "北平" ], "summary": "Пекин — столица Китайской Народной Республики, город центрального подчинения, код административного деления — 110000; также важное место событий Движения 4 мая и развития современной науки.", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-geography", "category-china-admin-divisions" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china", "tag-education", "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "北京市（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/北京市", "locator": "信息框" }, { "id": "mca2023", "title": "2023年中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码（民政部）", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html", "locator": "代码 110000 北京市" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q956", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956" }, { "id": "baidu", "title": "北京市（百度百科）", "url": "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82/126069", "locator": "基本信息" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T12:20:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-30T00:51:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 15, "body": "## Административное деление\n\nПекин — административная единица провинциального уровня Китайской Народной Республики (город центрального подчинения)[^mca2023]. В его состав входят 16 районов[^mca2023]: [[place_cn_110101|Дунчэн]], [[place_cn_110102|Сичэн]], [[place_cn_110105|Чаоян]], [[place_cn_110106|Фэнтай]], [[place_cn_110107|Шицзиншань]], [[place_cn_110108|Хайдянь]], [[place_cn_110109|Мэньтоугоу]], [[place_cn_110111|Фаншань]], [[place_cn_110112|Тунчжоу]], [[place_cn_110113|Шуньи]], [[place_cn_110114|Чанпин]], [[place_cn_110115|Дасин]], [[place_cn_110116|Хуайжоу]], [[place_cn_110117|Пингу]], [[place_cn_110118|Миюнь]], [[place_cn_110119|Яньцин]].\n\n## Основная информация\n\n- Код административного деления: 110000[^mca2023]\n- Площадь: 16 410,54 км²[^zhwiki]\n- Постоянное население: 21,80 млн человек (на конец 2025 года)[^baidu]\n- Валовой региональный продукт: 5 207,34 млрд юаней (2025 год)[^baidu]; на душу населения — около 239 тыс. юаней (2025 год)[^zhwiki]\n- Местонахождение правительства: район Тунчжоу, улица Юньхэ Дунцзе, 57[^baidu]\n- Телефонный код: 010; почтовый индекс: 100000[^baidu]\n- ISO 3166-2: CN-BJ[^zhwiki]\n- Коды автомобильных номеров: 京A—京Q, 京Y[^baidu]\n- Климат: тёплый умеренный полувлажный и полузасушливый муссонный климат[^baidu]\n- Часовой пояс: пекинское время (UTC+8)[^zhwiki]\n- Цветы города: китайская роза и хризантема; деревья города: туя восточная и софора японская[^zhwiki]\n\n## Исторические названия и этапы\n\n- 1368 год: смена названия с Даду эпохи Юань[^wikidata].\n- С 1421 года назывался «Пекин» (Бэйцзин), до 7 июня 1928 года[^wikidata].\n- С 8 июня 1928 года по 28 июля 1937 года: назывался «Бэйпин»[^wikidata].\n- С 29 июля 1937 года по 2 сентября 1945 года: назывался «Пекин» (Бэйцзин)[^wikidata].\n- С 3 сентября 1945 года по 30 сентября 1949 года: назывался «Бэйпин»[^wikidata].\n- С 1 октября 1949 года: называется «Пекин» (Бэйцзин)[^wikidata].\n\n## Наука и общественная жизнь\n\n[[organization_pku|Пекинский университет]] расположен в Пекине. [[event_mayfourth|Движение 4 мая]] 1919 года началось с демонстраций пекинских студентов.\n\n## Маршруты чтения\n\nОбзор этой демонстрационной библиотеки можно вести по трём направлениям: университеты, события и связанные с ними личности.", "url": "/places/beijing.html", "lang": "ru", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en", "id", "ru" ], "placeKind": "直辖市", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9042, "longitude": 116.4074 }, "locationNote": "Северный Китай; современная территория города не полностью совпадает с территорией исторической столицы.", "adminArea": "Китайская Народная Республика · Пекин", "established": { "year": 1421, "qualifier": "约", "display": "ок. 1421 года (переезд столицы при императоре Чэн-цзу династии Мин)" } }, "entities": null, "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q1191225", "fromId": "person_cn_q1191225", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q1191225", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q1191225", "targetTitle": "谭嗣同", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/tan-sitong.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q17790", "fromId": "person_cn_q17790", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q17790", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q17790", "targetTitle": "康熙帝", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/kangxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q19133", "fromId": "person_cn_q19133", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q19133", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q19133", "targetTitle": "乾隆帝", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/qianlong-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q47842", "fromId": "person_cn_q47842", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q47842", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q47842", "targetTitle": "慈禧太后", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/empress-dowager-cixi.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q509360", "fromId": "person_cn_q509360", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q509360", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q509360", "targetTitle": "奕䜣", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/prince-gong.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q526989", "fromId": "person_cn_q526989", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q526989", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q526989", "targetTitle": "梅兰芳", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/mei-lanfang.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q700179", "fromId": "person_cn_q700179", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q700179", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q700179", "targetTitle": "和珅", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/heshen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q711457", "fromId": "person_cn_q711457", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q711457", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q711457", "targetTitle": "李汝珍", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/li-ruzhen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9972", "fromId": "person_cn_q9972", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9972", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9972", "targetTitle": "明仁宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9977", "fromId": "person_cn_q9977", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9977", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9977", "targetTitle": "明宣宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/xuande-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9983", "fromId": "person_cn_q9983", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9983", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9983", "targetTitle": "明英宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/zhengtong-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9988", "fromId": "person_cn_q9988", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9988", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9988", "targetTitle": "景泰帝", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/jingtai-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9991", "fromId": "person_cn_q9991", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9991", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9991", "targetTitle": "明宪宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/chenghua-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q9994", "fromId": "person_cn_q9994", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9994", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9994", "targetTitle": "明孝宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/hongzhi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_0d8ddc2aab39d89d3f571fde", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_capital", "targetTitle": "北京京城地铁有限公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway-capital.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_18bf35a4e3fd9899be4eeb17", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "sourceId": "cptond" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_yizhuang_tram", "targetTitle": "北京公交有轨电车公司亦庄有轨公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway-yizhuang-tram.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_9717ee41d376dedc4d12fae0", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_moa", "targetTitle": "北京市轨道交通运营管理有限公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway-moa.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_aa0322a849fa82b700c7915d", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_tram", "targetTitle": "北京公交有轨电车有限公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway-tram.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-guloudajie_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_guloudajie", "targetTitle": "鼓楼大街站", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-guloudajie.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-jishuitan_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_jishuitan", "targetTitle": "积水潭站", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-jishuitan.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_beijing-xizhimen_city", "fromId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "relationType": "located_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "sourceId": "wikipedia" } ], "label": "Contains places", "targetId": "place_beijing_xizhimen", "targetTitle": "西直门站", "targetUrl": "/ru/places/beijing-xizhimen.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_bj_operator_city", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway", "targetTitle": "北京市地铁运营有限公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_metro_eea2672379796c339d42cba7", "fromId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "relationType": "operates_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "sourceId": "operator-review" } ], "label": "Operators here", "targetId": "organization_beijing_subway_mtr", "targetTitle": "北京京港地铁有限公司", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/beijing-subway-mtr.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_008", "fromId": "event_mayfourth", "relationType": "occurred_at", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "指1919年5月4日示威起点，不限定全部活动范围。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "event_mayfourth", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Events here", "targetId": "event_mayfourth", "targetTitle": "五四运动", "targetUrl": "/ru/events/may-fourth-movement.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_012", "fromId": "organization_pku", "relationType": "headquartered_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "不限定为同一历史校址。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_pku", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Organizations here", "targetId": "organization_pku", "targetTitle": "北京大学", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/peking-university.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_015", "fromId": "organization_commercial", "relationType": "headquartered_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "note": "1954年总馆迁京后。", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "organization_commercial", "sourceId": "s1" } ], "label": "Organizations here", "targetId": "organization_commercial", "targetTitle": "商务印书馆", "targetUrl": "/ru/organizations/commercial-press.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_abd6e62bb8c5642f58cb41a4", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4920076", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会朝阳运输管理分局关于注销部分货物运输企业道路运输证件的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-27.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3b2fa246413b03619a4dd5dc", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4898045", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会丰台运输管理分局关于注销部分道路货物运输证件的通告", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-12.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_46a5c360228fcc84cfe46143", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4909848", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会西城运输管理分局关于拟发展旅游客运班线事项的公示", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10-19.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_37c17b7ad1fca07af6c8c92e", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914274", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会东城运输管理分局关于省际客运班线（北京-晋城）许可事项变更的公示", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026-10.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "relation_api_3b3ee5a977dcab3160c64fc2", "fromId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "relationType": "announcement_about", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "sourceId": "official" } ], "label": "Related announcements", "targetId": "work_beijing_transport_notice_4914261", "targetTitle": "北京市交通委员会东城运输管理分局关于省际客运班线（北京-沧州）许可事项变更的公示", "targetUrl": "/ru/works/beijing-transport-notice-2026.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_47842_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q47842", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q47842", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q47842", "targetTitle": "慈禧太后", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/empress-dowager-cixi.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_9972_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q9972", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9972", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born here", "targetId": "person_cn_q9972", "targetTitle": "明仁宗", "targetUrl": "/ru/people/hongxi-emperor.html", "incoming": true }, { "id": "rel_9991_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q9991", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q9991", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": 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