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  "title": "Произведения",
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              "value": "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
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              "key": "affiliation",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
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              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
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          "name": "弗朗克·韦尔切克",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "name": "阿龙·切哈诺沃",
          "tier": "chemistry",
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          "meta": [
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Technion - Israel Institute of Technology"
            }
          ]
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          "name": "阿夫拉姆·赫什科",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
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              "value": "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
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          "name": "琳达·巴克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_775",
          "sourceId": "s3",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center"
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          "name": "艾尔弗雷德·耶利内克",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich\u0026eacute;s and their subjugating power"
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              "value": "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"
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              "value": "Carnegie Mellon University"
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          "name": "爱德华·普雷斯科特",
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              "value": "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"
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      "title": "2004 年诺贝尔奖",
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        "2004诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "2004 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 2004-10-04 至 2004-10-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
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      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:57+08:00",
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      "body": "**2004 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2004-10-04 至 2004-10-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2004-10-05 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2004-10-06 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2004-10-04 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2004-10-07 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2004-10-11 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-2004.html",
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      "published": {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
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          "name": "维塔利·拉扎列维奇·金兹堡",
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              "value": "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
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              "key": "affiliation",
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              "key": "affiliation",
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          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
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              "value": "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"
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          "name": "罗伯特·F·恩格尔",
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              "value": "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"
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              "value": "New York University"
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        {
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              "key": "motivation",
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
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      "type": "work",
      "title": "2003 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-2003",
      "aliases": [
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        "2003诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "2003 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 2003-10-02 至 2003-10-08 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2003",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:53+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**2003 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2003-10-02 至 2003-10-08 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2003-10-07 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2003-10-08 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2003-10-06 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2003-10-02 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2003-10-08 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
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          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
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          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
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          "name": "凯尔泰斯·伊姆雷",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_761",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "丹尼尔·卡内曼",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_759",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗农·史密斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_760",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "George Mason University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_2002",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "2002 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-2002",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 2002",
        "2002诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "2002 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、12 位得主，获奖名单在 2002-10-07 至 2002-10-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      ],
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      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2002/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2002/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2002/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2002/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:49+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**2002 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2002-10-07 至 2002-10-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2002-10-08 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2002-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2002-10-07 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2002-10-10 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2002-10-09 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-2002.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 2002,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "埃里克·康奈尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_738",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Colorado, JILA"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃尔夫冈·克特勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_739",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·威曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_740",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Colorado, JILA"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_741",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "野依良治",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_742",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Nagoya University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·巴里·沙普利斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_743",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "The Scripps Research Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "利兰·哈特韦尔",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_735",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
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          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_736",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Imperial Cancer Research Fund"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·纳斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_737",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Imperial Cancer Research Fund"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "V·S·奈波尔",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_747",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·阿克洛夫",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_744",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迈克尔·斯彭斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_745",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
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          ]
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_2001",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "2001 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-2001",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 2001",
        "2001诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "2001 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、13 位得主，获奖名单在 2001-10-08 至 2001-10-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 3 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2001/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2001/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2001/summary/"
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          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:45+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**2001 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2001-10-08 至 2001-10-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2001-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2001-10-10 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2001-10-08 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2001-10-11 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2001-10-10 | 3 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-2001.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 2001,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "若雷斯·阿尔费罗夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_726",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫伯特·克勒默",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_727",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "杰克·基尔比",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_728",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Texas Instruments"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾伦·黑格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_729",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾伦·麦克德尔米德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_730",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Pennsylvania"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "白川英树",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_731",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Tsukuba"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔维德·卡尔森",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_722",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Göteborg University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·格林加德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_723",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃里克·坎德尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_724",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "高行健",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_734",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for an œuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·赫克曼",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_732",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "丹尼尔·麦克法登",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_733",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_2000",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "2000 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-2000",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 2000",
        "2000诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "2000 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、12 位得主，获奖名单在 2000-10-09 至 2000-10-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2000/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2000",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2000/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2000/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:41+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**2000 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 2000-10-09 至 2000-10-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 2000-10-10 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 2000-10-10 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 2000-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 2000-10-12 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 2000-10-11 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
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      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1999 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1999-09-30 至 1999-10-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1999-10-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1999-10-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1999-10-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1999-09-30 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1999-10-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
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          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
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              "key": "motivation",
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        {
          "name": "霍斯特·施特默",
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          "sourceId": "s1",
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              "key": "motivation",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998",
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      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:32+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1998 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1998-10-08 至 1998-10-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1998-10-13 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1998-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1998-10-12 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1998-10-08 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1998-10-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
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              "value": "Long Term Capital Management"
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        "1997诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1997 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1997-10-06 至 1997-10-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        {
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1997/summary/"
        },
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          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1997/summary/"
        },
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          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1997/summary/"
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          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1997",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:29+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1997 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1997-10-06 至 1997-10-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1997-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1997-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1997-10-06 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1997-10-09 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1997-10-14 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1997.html",
      "lang": "ru",
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      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1997,
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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        },
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "戴维·李",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_149",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "道格拉斯·奥谢罗夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_150",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
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            },
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              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
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          "name": "罗伯特·科尔曼·理查森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_151",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·柯尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_284",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of fullerenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rice University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈罗德·克罗托",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_285",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of fullerenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Sussex"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查德·斯莫利",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_286",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of fullerenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rice University"
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        {
          "name": "彼得·杜赫提",
          "tier": "medicine",
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          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "St. Jude Children's Research Hospital"
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          "name": "罗夫·辛克纳吉",
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          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "维斯瓦娃·辛波丝卡",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_673",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·莫理斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_715",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·维克里",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_716",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1996",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1996 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1996",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1996",
        "1996诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1996 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 1996-10-03 至 1996-10-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1996",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/summary/"
        },
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          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1996/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1996",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1996/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1996",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1996/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:25+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1996 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1996-10-03 至 1996-10-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1996-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1996-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1996-10-07 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1996-10-03 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1996-10-08 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1996.html",
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          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "马丁·佩尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_147",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the tau lepton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·莱因斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_148",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the detection of the neutrino"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·约泽夫·克鲁岑",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_281",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马里奥·莫利纳",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_282",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗兰克·舍伍德·罗兰",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_283",
          "sourceId": "s2",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·路易斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_452",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
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        },
        {
          "name": "克里斯蒂安娜·尼斯莱因-福尔哈德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_453",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃里克·威绍斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_454",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "谢默斯·希尼",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_672",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "小罗伯特·卢卡斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_714",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1995",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1995 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1995",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1995",
        "1995诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1995 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1995-10-05 至 1995-10-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1995",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1995/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1995/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:21+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1995 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1995-10-05 至 1995-10-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1995-10-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1995-10-11 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1995-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1995-10-05 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1995-10-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1995.html",
      "lang": "ru",
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
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        }
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          "key": "motivation",
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        }
      ],
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        {
          "name": "伯特伦·布罗克豪斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_145",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of neutron spectroscopy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "McMaster University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克利福德·沙尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_146",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·安德鲁·欧拉",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_280",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Southern California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾尔佛列·古曼·吉尔曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_450",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马丁·罗德贝尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_451",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "大江健三郎",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_671",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·海萨尼",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_711",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·福布斯·纳什",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_712",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赖因哈德·泽尔滕",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_713",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1994",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1994 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1994",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1994",
        "1994诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1994 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1994-10-10 至 1994-10-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 3 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1994/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1994/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1994/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1994/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:17+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1994 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1994-10-10 至 1994-10-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1994-10-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1994-10-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1994-10-10 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1994-10-13 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1994-10-11 | 3 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1994.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1994,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "拉塞尔·赫尔斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_143",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·泰勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_144",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "凯利·穆利斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_278",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迈克尔·史密斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_279",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of British Columbia"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理察·罗伯茨",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_448",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of split genes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "New England Biolabs"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "菲利普·夏普",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_449",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of split genes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托妮·莫里森",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_670",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·福格尔",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_709",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "道格拉斯·诺斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_710",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Washington University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1993",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1993 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1993",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1993",
        "1993诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1993 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1993-10-07 至 1993-10-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1993/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1993/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1993/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1993/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:13+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1993 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1993-10-07 至 1993-10-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1993-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1993-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1993-10-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1993-10-07 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1993-10-12 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1993.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1993,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "乔治·夏帕克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_142",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲁道夫·马库斯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_277",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃德蒙·费希尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_446",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Washington"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃德温·克雷布斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_447",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Washington"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "德里克·沃尔科特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_669",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "加里·贝克尔",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_708",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1992",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1992 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1992",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1992",
        "1992诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1992 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1992-10-08 至 1992-10-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1992",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1992/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1992/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1992",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1992/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1992/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:08+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1992 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1992-10-08 至 1992-10-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1992-10-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1992-10-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1992-10-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1992-10-08 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1992-10-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1992.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1992,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
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      ],
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          "name": "皮埃尔-吉勒·德热纳",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_141",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Collège de France"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查德·恩斯特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_276",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)"
            }
          ]
        },
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          "name": "厄温·内尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_444",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伯特·萨克曼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_445",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "内丁·戈迪默",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_668",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗纳德·科斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_707",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1991",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1991 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1991",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1991",
        "1991诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1991 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1991-10-03 至 1991-10-16 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1991/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1991/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1991/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1991/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:05+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1991 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1991-10-03 至 1991-10-16 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1991-10-16 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1991-10-16 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1991-10-07 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1991-10-03 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1991-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1991.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1991,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "杰尔姆·弗里德曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_138",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利·肯德尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_139",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查·爱德华·泰勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_140",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾里亚斯·詹姆斯·科里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_275",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·默里",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_442",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Brigham and Women's Hospital"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "唐纳尔·托马斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_443",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥克塔维奥·帕斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_667",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈里·马科维茨",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_704",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "City University of New York"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "默顿·米勒",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_705",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·福塞斯·夏普",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_706",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1990",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1990 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1990",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1990",
        "1990诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1990 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1990-10-08 至 1990-10-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 3 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1990/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1990/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1990/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1990/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:32:01+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1990 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1990-10-08 至 1990-10-17 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1990-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1990-10-17 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1990-10-08 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1990-10-11 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1990-10-16 | 3 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1990.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1990,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "诺曼·福斯特·拉姆齐",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_135",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉斯·德默尔特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_136",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of the ion trap technique"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Washington"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃尔夫冈·保罗",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_137",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of the ion trap technique"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Bonn"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西德尼·奥尔特曼",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_273",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Yale University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托马斯·切赫",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_274",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Colorado"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迈克尔·毕晓普",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_440",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈罗德·瓦慕斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_441",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡米洛·何塞·塞拉",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_666",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "特里夫·哈维默",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_703",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oslo"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1989",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1989 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1989",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1989",
        "1989诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1989 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1989-10-09 至 1989-10-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1989/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1989/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1989/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1989",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1989/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1989 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1989-10-09 至 1989-10-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1989-10-12 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1989-10-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1989-10-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1989-10-09 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1989-10-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1989.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1989,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "利昂·莱德曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_132",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "梅尔文·施瓦茨",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_133",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Digital Pathways, Inc."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "杰克·施泰因贝格尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_134",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "CERN"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·戴森霍费尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_270",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·胡贝尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_271",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈特穆特·米歇尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_272",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆士·W·布拉克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_437",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University, King's College Hospital Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格特鲁德·B·埃利恩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_438",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Wellcome Research Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·H·希钦斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_439",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Wellcome Research Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "纳吉布·马哈福兹",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_665",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "莫里斯·阿莱",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_702",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1988",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1988 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1988",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1988",
        "1988诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1988 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 1988-10-13 至 1988-10-19 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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      ],
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1988/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1988/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1988/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1988",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1988/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:53+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1988 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1988-10-13 至 1988-10-19 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1988-10-19 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1988-10-19 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1988-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1988-10-13 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1988-10-18 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1988.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1988,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
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        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "约翰内斯·贝德诺尔茨",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_130",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·米勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_131",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "唐纳德·克拉姆",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_267",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "让-马里·莱恩",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_268",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Université Louis Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·佩德森",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_269",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Du Pont"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "利根川进",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_436",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·布罗茨基",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_664",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·索洛",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_701",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1987",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1987 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1987",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1987",
        "1987诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1987 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1987-10-12 至 1987-10-22 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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      ],
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      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1987/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1987/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1987/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1987",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1987/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:49+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1987 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1987-10-12 至 1987-10-22 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1987-10-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1987-10-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1987-10-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1987-10-22 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1987-10-21 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1987.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1987,
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      },
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    },
    {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "恩斯特·鲁斯卡",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_127",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格尔德·宾宁",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_128",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "海因里希·罗雷尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_129",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "IBM Zurich Research Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "达德利·赫施巴赫",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_264",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "李远哲",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_265",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·查尔斯·波拉尼",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_266",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Toronto"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "斯坦利·科恩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_434",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of growth factors"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Vanderbilt University School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_435",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries of growth factors"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃莱·索因卡",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_663",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·M·布坎南",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_700",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Center for Study of Public Choice"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1986",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1986 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1986",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1986",
        "1986诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1986 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1986-10-13 至 1986-10-16 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1986/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1986/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1986/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:46+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1986 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1986-10-13 至 1986-10-16 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1986-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1986-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1986-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1986-10-16 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1986-10-16 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1986.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1986,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "克劳斯·冯·克利青",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_126",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫伯特·豪普特曼",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_262",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "The Medical Foundation of Buffalo"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "杰尔姆·卡尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_263",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "US Naval Research Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迈克尔·斯图尔特·布朗",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_432",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约瑟夫·里欧纳德·戈尔茨坦",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_433",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克洛德·西蒙",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_662",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗兰科·莫迪利安尼",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_699",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1985",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1985 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1985",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1985",
        "1985诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1985 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1985-10-14 至 1985-11-27 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1985/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1985/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1985/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1985/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1985/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:42+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1985 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1985-10-14 至 1985-11-27 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1985-10-16 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1985-10-16 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1985-10-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1985-11-27 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1985-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1985.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1985,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "卡洛·鲁比亚",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_124",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "CERN"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西蒙·范德梅尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_125",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "CERN"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·布鲁斯·梅里菲尔德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_261",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼尔斯·杰尼",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_429",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Basel Institute for Immunology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·克勒",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_430",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Basel Institute for Immunology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "塞萨尔·米尔斯坦",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_431",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "雅罗斯拉夫·塞弗尔特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_661",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查德·史东",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_698",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1984",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1984 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1984",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1984",
        "1984诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1984 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1984-10-15 至 1984-11-27 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1984/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1984/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1984/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1984/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:33+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1984 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1984-10-15 至 1984-11-27 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1984-10-17 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1984-10-17 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1984-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1984-11-27 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1984-10-18 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1984.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1984,
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    },
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
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          "key": "motivation",
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      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_122",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·福勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_123",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亨利·陶布",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_260",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "巴巴拉·麦克林托克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_428",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·戈尔丁",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_660",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "杰拉德·德布鲁",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_697",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1983",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1983 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1983",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1983",
        "1983诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1983 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1983-10-10 至 1983-10-27 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      ],
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        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1983/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1983/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1983/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1983/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:29+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1983 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1983-10-10 至 1983-10-27 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1983-10-19 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1983-10-19 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1983-10-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1983-10-27 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1983-10-17 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1983.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1983,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "肯尼斯·威尔森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_121",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿龙·克卢格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_259",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "苏恩·伯格斯特龙",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_425",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "本特·萨穆埃尔松",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_426",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·范恩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_427",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "The Wellcome Research Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_659",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·斯蒂格勒",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_696",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
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        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1982",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1982 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1982",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1982",
        "1982诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1982 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1982-10-11 至 1982-10-21 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1982/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1982/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1982/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1982/summary/"
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          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1982",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        }
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      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:25+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1982 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1982-10-11 至 1982-10-21 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1982-10-18 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1982-10-18 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1982-10-11 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1982-10-21 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1982-10-20 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1982.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1982,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
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        {
          "name": "尼古拉斯·布隆伯根",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
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              "value": "Harvard University"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿瑟·肖洛",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_119",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "凯·西格巴恩",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_120",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Uppsala University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "福井谦一",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_257",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Kyoto University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗德·霍夫曼",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_258",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
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              "value": "Cornell University"
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          ]
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        {
          "name": "罗杰·斯佩里",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_422",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
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          ]
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        {
          "name": "大卫·休伯尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_423",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "托斯坦·威泽尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_424",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "埃利亚斯·卡内蒂",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_658",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·托宾",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_695",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Yale University"
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1981",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1981 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1981",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1981",
        "1981诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1981 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1981-10-09 至 1981-10-19 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1981/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1981/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1981/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1981",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1981/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:21+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1981 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1981-10-09 至 1981-10-19 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1981-10-19 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1981-10-19 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1981-10-09 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1981-10-15 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1981-10-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1981.html",
      "lang": "ru",
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      "published": {
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"
            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦尔·菲奇",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_117",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
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            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·伯格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_254",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃特·吉尔伯特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_255",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University, Biological Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·桑格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_222",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "巴茹·贝纳塞拉夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_419",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard Medical School"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "让·多塞",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_420",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·斯内尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_421",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Jackson Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "切斯瓦夫·米沃什",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_657",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "劳伦斯·克莱因",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_694",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Pennsylvania"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1980",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1980 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1980",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1980",
        "1980诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1980 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1980-10-09 至 1980-10-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1980/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1980/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1980/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1980/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:17+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1980 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1980-10-09 至 1980-10-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1980-10-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1980-10-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1980-10-10 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1980-10-09 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1980-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1980.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1980,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "谢尔登·格拉肖",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_113",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University, Lyman Laboratory"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿卜杜勒·萨拉姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_114",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "International Centre for Theoretical Physics"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "史蒂文·温伯格",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_115",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫伯特·布朗",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_252",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Purdue University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "格奥尔格·维蒂希",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_253",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿兰·麦克莱德·科马克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_417",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of computer assisted tomography"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Tufts University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "高弗雷·豪斯费尔德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_418",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of computer assisted tomography"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Central Research Laboratories, EMI"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥季塞乌斯·埃利蒂斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_655",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西奥多·舒尔茨",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_692",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_693",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1979",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1979 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1979",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1979",
        "1979诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1979 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1979-10-11 至 1979-10-18 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1979/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1979/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1979/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1979/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:13+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1979 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1979-10-11 至 1979-10-18 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1979-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1979-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1979-10-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1979-10-18 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1979-10-16 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1979.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1979,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "彼得·卡皮查",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_110",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Academy of Sciences"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿诺·彭齐亚斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_111",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bell Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·威尔逊",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_112",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bell Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "彼得·米切尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_251",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Glynn Research Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃纳·亚伯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_414",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Biozentrum der Universität"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "丹尼尔·那森斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_415",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "汉弥尔顿·史密斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_416",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾萨克·巴甚维斯·辛格",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_654",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "赫伯特·西蒙",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_691",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Carnegie Mellon University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1978",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1978 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1978",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1978",
        "1978诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1978 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1978/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1978/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:10+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1978 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1978-10-12 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1978-10-05 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1978-10-16 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1978.html",
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          "id": "physics",
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          "id": "chemistry",
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
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        {
          "name": "内维尔·莫特",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
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          ]
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          "name": "约翰·凡扶累克",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
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              "key": "affiliation",
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          ]
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          "name": "伊利亚·普里高津",
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              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
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        {
          "name": "安德鲁·沙利",
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              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
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              "value": "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"
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      "title": "1977 年诺贝尔奖",
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      "aliases": [
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        "1977诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1977 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1977-10-06 至 1977-10-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
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        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977",
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          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1977/summary/"
        },
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          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1977/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1977/summary/"
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        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1977",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1977/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:06+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1977 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1977-10-06 至 1977-10-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1977-10-11 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1977-10-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1977-10-13 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1977-10-06 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1977-10-14 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1977.html",
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        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
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        }
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          "name": "伯顿·里克特",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_105",
          "sourceId": "s1",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford Linear Accelerator Center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "丁肇中",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_106",
          "sourceId": "s1",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
            },
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              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
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        {
          "name": "威廉·利普斯科姆",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_249",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "The Institute for Cancer Research"
            }
          ]
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              "value": "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Institutes of Health"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "索尔·贝娄",
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              "value": "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"
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      "type": "work",
      "title": "1976 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1976",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1976",
        "1976诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1976 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1976-10-14 至 1976-10-21 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
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          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1976/summary/"
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          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1976/summary/"
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          "id": "s5",
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      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:02+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1976 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1976-10-14 至 1976-10-21 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1976-10-18 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1976-10-18 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1976-10-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1976-10-21 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1976-10-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
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              "key": "motivation",
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            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)"
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              "value": "Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory"
            }
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        {
          "name": "霍华德·马丁·特明",
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          "name": "列昂尼德·坎托罗维奇",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_686",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Academy of Sciences"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "特亚林·科普曼斯",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_687",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"
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              "value": "Yale University"
            }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1975",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1975 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1975",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1975",
        "1975诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1975 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 1975-10-14 至 1975-10-23 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1975/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1975/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1975/summary/"
        },
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          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:58+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1975 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1975-10-14 至 1975-10-23 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1975-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1975-10-17 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1975-10-16 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1975-10-23 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1975-10-14 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1975.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1975,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "马丁·赖尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_100",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安东尼·休伊什",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_101",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "保罗·弗洛里",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_246",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔伯特·克劳德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_403",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Université Catholique de Louvain"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克里斯汀·德·迪夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_404",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·埃米尔·帕拉德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_405",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Yale University, School of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "雍松",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_649",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈里·马丁松",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_650",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "贡纳尔·默达尔",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_684",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗里德里希·哈耶克",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_685",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1974",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1974 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1974",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1974",
        "1974诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1974 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1974-10-03 至 1974-10-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1974/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1974/summary/"
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          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1974/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1974/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:54+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1974 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1974-10-03 至 1974-10-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1974-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1974-10-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1974-10-10 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1974-10-03 | 2 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1974-10-09 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1974.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "江崎玲于奈",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_97",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊瓦尔·贾埃弗",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_98",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "General Electric Company"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "布赖恩·约瑟夫森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_99",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "恩斯特·奥托·菲舍尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_244",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Technical University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "杰弗里·威尔金森",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_245",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Imperial College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·冯·弗里希",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_400",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Zoologisches Institut der Universität München"
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften, Forschungsstelle für Ethologie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼古拉斯·廷贝亨",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_402",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"
            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "帕特里克·怀特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_648",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "瓦西里·列昂季耶夫",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_683",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1973",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1973 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1973",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1973",
        "1973诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1973 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、10 位得主，获奖名单在 1973-10-11 至 1973-10-25 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1973/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1973/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1973/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1973/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:50+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1973 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1973-10-11 至 1973-10-25 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1973-10-23 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1973-10-23 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1973-10-11 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1973-10-25 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1973-10-18 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1973.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
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      "published": {
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
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              "key": "motivation",
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          "name": "利昂·库珀",
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Pennsylvania"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "克里斯蒂安·B·安芬森",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_241",
          "sourceId": "s2",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Institutes of Health"
            }
          ]
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          "name": "斯坦福·摩尔",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_242",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
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              "key": "affiliation",
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          "name": "威廉·霍华德·斯坦",
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              "value": "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"
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              "key": "motivation",
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              "value": "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"
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        {
          "name": "肯尼斯·约瑟夫·阿罗",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_682",
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          "meta": [
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1972",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1972 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1972",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1972",
        "1972诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1972 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、11 位得主，获奖名单在 1972-10-12 至 1972-10-25 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
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      "sources": [
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1972/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1972/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1972/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1972",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1972/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:46+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1972 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1972-10-12 至 1972-10-25 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1972-10-20 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1972-10-20 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1972-10-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1972-10-19 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1972-10-25 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1972.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1972,
        "precision": "year"
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    },
    {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
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      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "丹尼斯·加博尔",
          "tier": "physics",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his invention and development of the holographic method"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Imperial College"
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          ]
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        {
          "name": "格哈德·赫茨贝格",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Research Council of Canada"
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          ]
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        {
          "name": "厄尔·威尔伯·萨瑟兰",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_397",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Vanderbilt University"
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        {
          "name": "巴勃罗·聂鲁达",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_645",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"
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          "name": "西蒙·史密斯·库兹涅茨",
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          "sourceId": "s5",
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            {
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1971",
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      "slug": "nobel-prize-1971",
      "aliases": [
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        "1971诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1971 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1971-10-14 至 1971-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1971/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1971/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1971/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1971/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:42+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1971 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1971-10-14 至 1971-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1971-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1971-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1971-10-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1971-10-21 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1971-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1971.html",
      "lang": "ru",
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      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1971,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
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          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
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        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
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        }
      ],
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        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "汉尼斯·阿尔文",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_91",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Royal Institute of Technology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "路易·奈耳",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_92",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Grenoble"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卢伊斯·弗德里科·莱洛伊尔",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_239",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Biochemical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伯纳德·卡茨",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_394",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
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          "meta": [
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朱利叶斯·阿克塞尔罗德",
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            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
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              "value": "National Institutes of Health"
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        {
          "name": "亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴",
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              "value": "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"
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          ]
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        {
          "name": "保罗·萨缪尔森",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_679",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"
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              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
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        }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1970",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1970 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1970",
      "aliases": [
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        "1970诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1970 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1970-10-08 至 1970-10-27 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。",
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          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
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        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1970/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:38+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1970 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1970-10-08 至 1970-10-27 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1970-10-27 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1970-10-27 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1970-10-15 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1970-10-08 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1970-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1970.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1970,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "economics",
          "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "默里·盖尔曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_90",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "德里克·巴顿",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_237",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Imperial College"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "奥德·哈塞尔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_238",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oslo"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马克斯·德尔布吕克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_391",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿弗雷德·赫希",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_392",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Carnegie Institution of Washington"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨尔瓦多·卢瑞亚",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_393",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨缪尔·贝克特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_643",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朗纳·弗里施",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_677",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oslo"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "扬·廷贝亨",
          "tier": "economics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_678",
          "sourceId": "s5",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "The Netherlands School of Economics"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1969",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1969 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1969",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1969",
        "1969诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1969 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1969-10-16 至 1969-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1969/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1969/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1969/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1969/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s5",
          "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1969/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:35+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1969 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1969-10-16 至 1969-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1969-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1969-10-30 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1969-10-16 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1969-10-23 | 1 |\n| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1969-10-27 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1969.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1969,
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      },
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    },
    {
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "路易斯·阿尔瓦雷茨",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_89",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "拉斯·昂萨格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_236",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Yale University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·W·霍利",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_388",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈尔·葛宾·科拉纳",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_389",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Wisconsin"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马歇尔·沃伦·尼伦伯格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_390",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "National Institutes of Health"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "川端康成",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_642",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1968",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1968 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1968",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1968",
        "1968诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1968 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1968-10-16 至 1968-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1968/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1968/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1968/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1968/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:31+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1968 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1968-10-16 至 1968-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1968-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1968-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1968-10-16 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1968-10-17 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1968.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1968,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "汉斯·贝特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_88",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "曼弗雷德·艾根",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_233",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗纳德·乔治·雷伊福特·诺里什",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_234",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute of Physical Chemistry"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·波特",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_235",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Royal Institution of Great Britain"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "拉格纳·格拉尼特",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_385",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "霍尔登·凯弗·哈特兰",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_386",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·沃尔德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_387",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "米格尔·安赫尔·阿斯图里亚斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_641",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1967",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1967 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1967",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1967",
        "1967诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1967 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1967-10-18 至 1967-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1967/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1967/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1967/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:27+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1967 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1967-10-18 至 1967-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1967-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1967-10-30 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1967-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1967-10-19 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1967.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1967,
        "precision": "year"
      },
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    },
    {
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        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "阿尔弗雷德·卡斯特勒",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_87",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "École Normale Supérieure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·S·马利肯",
          "tier": "chemistry",
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          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago"
            }
          ]
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        {
          "name": "裴顿·劳斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_383",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·布兰顿·哈金斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_384",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨缪尔·约瑟夫·阿格农",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "内莉·萨克斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_640",
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          "meta": [
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"
            }
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        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1966",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1966 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1966",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1966",
        "1966诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1966 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1966-10-13 至 1966-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1966/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1966/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:22+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1966 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1966-10-13 至 1966-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1966-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1966-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1966-10-13 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1966-10-20 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1966.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1966,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
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        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "朝永振一郎",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_84",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Tokyo University of Education"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "朱利安·施温格",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_85",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "理查德·费曼",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_86",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_231",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗朗索瓦·雅各布",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_380",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德列·利沃夫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_381",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "贾克·莫诺",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_382",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institut Pasteur"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "米哈依尔·肖洛霍夫",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_638",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1965",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1965 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1965",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1965",
        "1965诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1965 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1965-10-14 至 1965-10-21 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1965/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1965/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:18+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1965 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1965-10-14 至 1965-10-21 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1965-10-21 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1965-10-21 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1965-10-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1965-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1965.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1965,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "查尔斯·汤斯",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_81",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼古拉·巴索夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_82",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历山大·普罗霍罗夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_83",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "多萝西·克劳福特·霍奇金",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_230",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford, Royal Society"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "康拉德·布洛赫",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_378",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "费奥多尔·吕嫩",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_379",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "让-保罗·萨特",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_637",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1964",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1964 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1964",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1964",
        "1964诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1964 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1964-10-15 至 1964-10-29 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1964/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1964/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:14+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1964 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1964-10-15 至 1964-10-29 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1964-10-29 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1964-10-29 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1964-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1964-10-22 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1964.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1964,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        }
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        {
          "name": "尤金·维格纳",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_78",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Princeton University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_79",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰内斯·延森",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_80",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Heidelberg"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "卡尔·齐格勒",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_228",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
            },
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "居里奥·纳塔",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_229",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute of Technology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·卡鲁·埃克尔斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_375",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Australian National University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "艾伦·劳埃德·霍奇金",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_376",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德鲁·赫胥黎",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_377",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
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              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
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          "name": "乔治·塞菲里斯",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1963",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1963 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1963",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1963",
        "1963诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1963 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1963-10-17 至 1963-11-05 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1963/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1963/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:11+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1963 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1963-10-17 至 1963-11-05 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1963-11-05 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1963-11-05 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1963-10-17 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1963-10-24 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1963.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1963,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
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          "key": "motivation",
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      ],
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          "name": "列夫·朗道",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_77",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Academy of Sciences"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "马克斯·佩鲁茨",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_226",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·肯德鲁",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_227",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗朗西斯·克里克",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_372",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "詹姆斯·杜威·沃森",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_373",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "莫里斯·威尔金斯",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_374",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "London University"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·斯坦贝克",
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              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"
            }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1962",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1962 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1962",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1962",
        "1962诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1962 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1962/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:06+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1962 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1962-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1962-10-05 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1962.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1962,
        "precision": "year"
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
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        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "罗伯特·霍夫施塔特",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_75",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_76",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Technical University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "梅尔文·卡尔文",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_225",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "盖欧尔格·冯·贝凯希",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_371",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Harvard University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊沃·安德里奇",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_633",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1961",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1961 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1961",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1961",
        "1961诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1961 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1961/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1961/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:01+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1961 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1961-10-19 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1961-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1961.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
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        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1961,
        "precision": "year"
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    },
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          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
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          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
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          "key": "motivation",
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        {
          "name": "唐纳德·格拉泽",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_74",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the invention of the bubble chamber"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "威拉得·利比",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_224",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_369",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "彼得·梅达沃",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_370",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University College"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "圣琼·佩斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_631",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1960",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1960 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1960",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1960",
        "1960诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1960 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1960/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:57+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1960 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1960-10-20 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1960-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1960.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1960,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "埃米利奥·塞格雷",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_72",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "欧文·张伯伦",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_73",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of California"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "雅罗斯拉夫·海罗夫斯基",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_223",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "塞韦罗·奥乔亚",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_367",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "New York University, College of Medicine"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿瑟·科恩伯格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_368",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "萨瓦多尔·夸西莫多",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_630",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1959",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1959 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1959",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1959",
        "1959诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1959 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1959/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:51+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1959 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1959-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1959-10-22 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1959.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1959,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "帕维尔·阿列克谢耶维奇·切连科夫",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_70",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊利亚·弗兰克",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_721",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "伊戈尔·塔姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_71",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "弗雷德里克·桑格",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_222",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_364",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "爱德华·劳里·塔特姆",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_365",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "乔舒亚·莱德伯格",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_366",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Wisconsin"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_629",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1958",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1958 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1958",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1958",
        "1958诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1958 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:46+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1958 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1958-10-30 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1958.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1958,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
      "rankingColumns": [
        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "杨振宁",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_68",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Advanced Study"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "李政道",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_69",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德，托德男爵",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_221",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Cambridge"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "达尼埃尔·博韦",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_363",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "阿尔贝·加缪",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_628",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1957",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1957 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1957",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1957",
        "1957诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1957 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1957/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1957/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:40+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1957 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1957-10-24 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1957-10-17 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1957.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1957,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
          "label": "获奖理由"
        },
        {
          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威廉·肖克利",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_65",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc."
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "约翰·巴丁",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_66",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Illinois"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃尔特·豪泽·布拉顿",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_67",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Bell Telephone Laboratories"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "西里尔·欣谢尔伍德",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_219",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "University of Oxford"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "尼古拉·谢苗诺夫",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_220",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_360",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "沃纳·福斯曼",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_361",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
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            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Mainz University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_362",
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          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯",
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          "entityId": "person_nobel_627",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1956",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1956 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1956",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1956",
        "1956诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1956 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
        "category-awards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1956/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:36+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1956 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1956-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1956-10-25 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1956.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1956,
        "precision": "year"
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      "language": "中文"
    },
    {
      "rankingTiers": [
        {
          "id": "physics",
          "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "chemistry",
          "label": "诺贝尔化学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "medicine",
          "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖"
        },
        {
          "id": "literature",
          "label": "诺贝尔文学奖"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "key": "motivation",
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        },
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          "key": "affiliation",
          "label": "获奖时所属机构"
        }
      ],
      "rankingEntries": [
        {
          "name": "威利斯·兰姆",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_63",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Stanford University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "波利卡普·库施",
          "tier": "physics",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_64",
          "sourceId": "s1",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Columbia University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "文森特·迪维尼奥",
          "tier": "chemistry",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_218",
          "sourceId": "s2",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Cornell University"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "胡戈·特奥雷尔",
          "tier": "medicine",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_359",
          "sourceId": "s3",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"
            },
            {
              "key": "affiliation",
              "value": "Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯",
          "tier": "literature",
          "entityId": "person_nobel_626",
          "sourceId": "s4",
          "meta": [
            {
              "key": "motivation",
              "value": "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "id": "work_nobel_prize_1955",
      "type": "work",
      "title": "1955 年诺贝尔奖",
      "slug": "nobel-prize-1955",
      "aliases": [
        "Nobel Prize 1955",
        "1955诺贝尔奖"
      ],
      "summary": "1955 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。",
      "status": "published",
      "categories": [
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      ],
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        "tag-nobel-prize"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "s1",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s2",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s3",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1955/summary/"
        },
        {
          "id": "s4",
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955",
          "author": "The Nobel Foundation",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1955/summary/"
        }
      ],
      "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:32+08:00",
      "updatedBy": "user:admin",
      "revision": 4,
      "body": "**1955 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1955-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1955-10-27 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]",
      "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1955.html",
      "lang": "ru",
      "fallback": true,
      "availableLangs": [
        "zh",
        "en"
      ],
      "workKind": "ranking_list",
      "published": {
        "year": 1955,
        "precision": "year"
      },
      "language": "中文"
    }
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    "page": 20,
    "pageSize": 50,
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    "pageCount": 39,
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