{
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  "title": "戴维·格罗斯",
  "description": "戴维·格罗斯（David J. Gross，1941年2月19日—）是2004 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一。",
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        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004",
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        "title": "David Gross – Wikipedia",
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    "body": "**戴维·格罗斯**（David J. Gross，1941年2月19日—）出生于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（美国）。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n戴维·格罗斯在希伯来大学获得学士和硕士学位，1966年在加州大学伯克利分校师从杰弗里·丘获得博士学位，先在哈佛大学任初级研究员，1969年起任教于普林斯顿大学27年，1997年起任加州大学圣巴巴拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所所长。[^s3]\n\n## 主要成就\n\n1973年，格罗斯与弗朗克·维尔切克、戴维·波利策发现渐近自由：夸克之间的强相互作用在极短距离下反而变弱，这解释了高能散射实验中夸克看似自由的现象。渐近自由是量子色动力学的基石，确立了强相互作用的规范场论描述[^s1]。此后他转向弦论，与合作者提出杂弦理论，成为统一理论的重要候选。[^s3]\n\n## 获奖\n\n2004 年诺贝尔物理学奖由 3 位得主共享，戴维·格罗斯占其中 1/3 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics，所在地为圣巴巴拉（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2004|2004 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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