{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "奕䜣", "description": "奕䜣（1833年1月11日—1898年5月29日），清朝人物。", "url": "/th/people/prince-gong.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q509360", "type": "person", "title": "奕䜣", "slug": "prince-gong", "aliases": [ "Prince Gong" ], "previousSlugs": [ "prince-gong-q509360" ], "summary": "奕䜣（1833年1月11日—1898年5月29日），清朝人物。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q509360", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509360" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "奕䜣（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%A8%A2" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "清史稿·卷221（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7221" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:15:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 生平\n\n奕䜣（1833年—1898年），爱新觉罗氏，道光帝第六子，咸丰帝同父异母弟，生母为静贵妃；《清史稿》有其本传，谥号“忠”。[^zhengshi]道光帝立储时传位于皇四子奕詝（咸丰帝），奕䜣受封和硕恭亲王。咸丰年间，他历办巡防、旗务等事，后因其母丧仪之事与咸丰帝渐生嫌隙，一度被免去军机大臣等职。[^zhwiki]咸丰十年（1860年）英法联军攻入北京，咸丰帝北逃热河，奕䜣留京议和，代表清廷签订《北京条约》。咸丰十一年（1861年）咸丰帝驾崩，他联合慈安、慈禧两宫太后发动辛酉政变，铲除顾命八大臣，受封议政王，任领班军机大臣与总理各国事务衙门大臣，与两宫太后共治。[^zhwiki]同治四年（1865年）他被革去议政王头衔，但仍居权力中心；此后二十余年主持朝政，推动洋务。光绪七年（1881年）慈安太后逝世后他渐失依恃，光绪十年（1884年）因中法战争军机进退失据，被慈禧太后罢去一切职务（甲申易枢），退居闲废。光绪二十年（1894年）甲午战争期间被重新起用，任领班军机大臣等职。光绪二十四年（1898年）病逝，终年六十七岁。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n奕䜣是清末洋务运动的主要发起者与领袖人物。他倡议并主持设立总理各国事务衙门及驻外使馆，支持曾国藩、左宗棠、李鸿章等人兴办近代军事工业、购置先进武器、创办新式工商企业，外交上主张与列强保持和平，在其主持下清朝相继平定太平天国、捻军与各地回变，出现“同治中兴”局面。[^zhwiki]史家多肯定其才干与推动中国近代化的贡献，也指出他晚年转而抵制维新变法、且身为臣子终受制于皇权；当时的保守派则因其亲近洋务而蔑称他为“鬼子六”。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n正史传记见《清史稿·卷221》[^zhengshi]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：清朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：[[place_beijing|北京市]][^wikidata]", "url": "/people/prince-gong.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1833, "month": 1, "day": 11, "display": "1833年1月11日" }, "death": { "year": 1898, "month": 5, "day": 29, "display": "1898年5月29日" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物" ], "nativePlace": "北京市", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "จีนโบราณ", "description": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "relation_cnpeople_born_q509360", "fromId": "person_cn_q509360", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q509360", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_beijing", "targetTitle": "北京市", "targetUrl": "/th/places/beijing.html", "incoming": false }, { "id": "rel_509360_born_in_956", "fromId": "person_cn_q509360", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_beijing", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q509360", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_beijing", "targetTitle": "北京市", "targetUrl": "/th/places/beijing.html", "incoming": false } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 6, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:15:02+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/th/people/prince-gong/at/6.html" } ], "lang": "th", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "fallback": true, "infoFields": [ { "key": "birth_date", "label": "Birth", "value": "1833年1月11日" }, { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "1898年5月29日" }, { "key": "native_place", "label": "Native place", "value": "北京市" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "历史人物" }, { "key": "occupations", "label": "Occupations", "value": "政治人物" } ], "relationsTotal": 2, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "born_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Born in", "total": 2 } ] }