{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "拉班·扫马",
  "description": "拉班·扫马（1220年—1294年），元朝人物。",
  "url": "/th/people/rabban-bar-sauma.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q721469",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "拉班·扫马",
    "slug": "rabban-bar-sauma",
    "aliases": [
      "Rabban Bar Sauma"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "rabban-bar-sauma-q721469"
    ],
    "summary": "拉班·扫马（1220年—1294年），元朝人物。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q721469",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721469"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "拉班·扫马（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%C2%B7%E6%89%AB%E9%A9%AC"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:33+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 6,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n拉班·扫马（13世纪），“拉班”是叙利亚语“教师”的音译，本名扫马，生于金朝中都（今北京）的景教（基督教聂斯脱里派）家庭；据叙利亚文献记载他是畏兀儿人，据中国史书记载他是汪古人。[^zhwiki]他的父亲昔班是北京地区的景教巡察使。扫马30岁时正式成为景教修士，在房山修行，其弟子马古斯后来成为东方亚述教会牧首马·雅巴拉哈三世。[^zhwiki]1276年，扫马与马古斯得到忽必烈的许可，踏上前往耶路撒冷的朝圣之旅，途经宁夏、和阗、喀什噶尔、呼罗珊等地，抵达伊儿汗国；因马木留克占据耶路撒冷，未能成行。1287年，伊儿汗阿鲁浑命扫马出使欧洲，联络基督教世界共同对抗马木留克。[^zhwiki]扫马先后谒见东罗马皇帝安德洛尼卡二世、法国国王腓力四世、英格兰国王爱德华一世，并在1288年会见新任教宗尼各老四世，递交阿鲁浑的国书；1289年返回巴格达。1294年，扫马在巴格达逝世。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n拉班·扫马是13世纪著名的旅行家与外交使节，其足迹东起北京、西至巴黎，是中世纪从中国远赴欧洲并留下行程记录的罕见人物，其西行与马可·波罗的东来大体同时而方向相反。[^zhwiki]他的出使虽未促成伊儿汗国与欧洲基督教世界的军事同盟，却增进了欧洲对蒙古各汗国与元朝的了解，是蒙古时代东西方交流的重要见证。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：金中都[^wikidata]",
    "url": "/people/rabban-bar-sauma.html",
    "lang": "th",
    "sourceLang": "zh",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1220,
      "display": "1220年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1294,
      "display": "1294年"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "外交官",
      "探险家"
    ],
    "nativePlace": "金中都",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "จีนโบราณ",
      "description": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    }
  ],
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    {
      "id": "rel_721469_born_in_4515514",
      "fromId": "person_cn_q721469",
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "toId": "place_hist_q4515514",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "person_cn_q721469",
          "sourceId": "wikidata"
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      ],
      "label": "Born in",
      "targetId": "place_hist_q4515514",
      "targetTitle": "金中都",
      "targetUrl": "/th/places/jinzhongdu.html",
      "incoming": false
    }
  ],
  "versions": [
    {
      "revision": 6,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:10:33+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/th/people/rabban-bar-sauma/at/6.html"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "th",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1220年"
    },
    {
      "key": "death_date",
      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1294年"
    },
    {
      "key": "native_place",
      "label": "Native place",
      "value": "金中都"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "key": "occupations",
      "label": "Occupations",
      "value": "外交官, 探险家"
    }
  ],
  "relationsTotal": 1,
  "relationCounts": [
    {
      "relationType": "born_in",
      "incoming": false,
      "label": "Born in",
      "total": 1
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