{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "脱脱",
  "description": "脱脱（1256年—1312年），元朝人物。",
  "url": "/th/people/toqta.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "person_cn_q470312",
    "type": "person",
    "title": "脱脱",
    "slug": "toqta",
    "aliases": [
      "Toqta"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "toqta-q470312"
    ],
    "summary": "脱脱（1256年—1312年），元朝人物。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-history",
      "category-people",
      "category-historical-figures"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q470312",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470312"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "脱脱 (金帐汗国)（维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E8%84%AB_(%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B)"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:11:11+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 5,
    "body": "## 生平\n\n脱脱（1314年—1356年1月10日），蔑儿乞氏，字大用，蒙古族。他幼年养于伯父伯颜家中，从儒士吴直方读书，深受汉文化影响。历任侍卫、同知枢密院事等职，至元四年（1338年）进御史大夫。[^zhwiki]当时右丞相伯颜专权，为顺帝所忌，脱脱助顺帝设计，于1340年趁伯颜出猎之机将其逐出京师，伯颜途中病死。同年脱脱出任中书右丞相，推行改革，史称“脱脱更化”；1344年因病辞职。1349年复出再任丞相，主持贾鲁治理黄河，1351年治河告成。红巾军起义爆发后，他率军镇压，1352年攻破徐州。1354年，他统大军围攻高邮张士诚，即将破城之际，被政敌哈麻构陷，罢职流放云南；1356年初，被矫诏逼迫自尽。1362年，元廷为他昭雪复官。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n脱脱是元末最具声望的政治家，后世称其改革为“脱脱更化”：他废除伯颜的排汉政策，恢复被取消的科举取士，平反大量冤案，减轻赋税、整顿吏治，一度使元朝政局为之一新。[^zhwiki]文化上，他于至正三年（1343年）起以都总裁官身份主持编修《辽史》《金史》《宋史》三史，三史各自成书、并行不悖，解决了长期争论的辽、宋、金正统问题，三部书后来都列入二十四史。[^zhwiki]他主持的黄河治理工程使黄河回归故道由山东入海，惠及沿岸百姓。脱脱冤死之后，元朝中枢再无力挽狂澜的人物，其遭遇常被视为元朝衰亡的一个转折点。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：元朝[^wikidata]",
    "url": "/people/toqta.html",
    "lang": "th",
    "fallback": true,
    "availableLangs": [
      "zh",
      "en"
    ],
    "birth": {
      "year": 1256,
      "display": "1256年"
    },
    "death": {
      "year": 1312,
      "display": "1312年"
    },
    "occupations": [
      "可汗"
    ],
    "disambiguation": "金帐汗国",
    "personCategory": "历史人物"
  },
  "entities": null,
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "จีนโบราณ",
      "description": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1085
    }
  ],
  "versions": [
    {
      "revision": 5,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:11:11+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
      "url": "/th/people/toqta/at/5.html"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "th",
  "availableLangs": [
    "zh",
    "en"
  ],
  "fallback": true,
  "infoFields": [
    {
      "key": "birth_date",
      "label": "Birth",
      "value": "1256年"
    },
    {
      "key": "death_date",
      "label": "Death",
      "value": "1312年"
    },
    {
      "key": "person_category",
      "label": "Person category",
      "value": "历史人物"
    },
    {
      "key": "occupations",
      "label": "Occupations",
      "value": "可汗"
    },
    {
      "key": "disambiguation",
      "label": "Disambiguation",
      "value": "金帐汗国"
    }
  ]
}