{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "耶律楚材", "description": "耶律楚材（1189年—1244年），金朝、蒙古帝国人物。", "url": "/th/people/yelu-chucai.html", "entity": { "id": "person_cn_q117449", "type": "person", "title": "耶律楚材", "slug": "yelu-chucai", "aliases": [ "Yelü Chucai" ], "previousSlugs": [ "yelu-chucai-q117449" ], "summary": "耶律楚材（1189年—1244年），金朝、蒙古帝国人物。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history", "category-people", "category-historical-figures" ], "tags": [ "tag-ancient-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata Q117449", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117449" }, { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "耶律楚材（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%BE%8B%E6%A5%9A%E6%9D%90" }, { "id": "zhengshi", "title": "元史/卷146（维基文库）", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7146" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:12:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 6, "body": "## 生平\n\n耶律楚材（1190年—1244年），字晋卿，号湛然居士，契丹族人，辽朝宗室之后，为辽义宗耶律倍的八世孙，生于金朝中都。其父耶律履精通术数，以“虽楚有材，晋实用之”的典故为他取名楚材。楚材两岁丧父，由母亲杨氏抚养成人，博览群书，诗文、天文、地理、律历、术数、医卜及释道之学无不通晓，青年时在金朝任开州同知、左右司员外郎等职。1215年蒙古军攻克中都后，他在燕京报恩寺随万松行秀学佛三年。1218年，成吉思汗召见并留他在身边任谋士，因他身材高大、蓄有长髯，成吉思汗称他为“吾图撒合理”（意为长髯人）。此后他随侍成吉思汗左右，参与西征等军政事务。1229年窝阔台即位，1231年蒙古始设中书省，以耶律楚材为中书令，位居百官之首，他在此后十余年间主持推行汉法改革。1241年窝阔台去世、乃马真皇后临朝称制，朝政紊乱，楚材力争不得，于1244年悲愤而终，享年五十五岁。[^zhwiki][^zhengshi]\n\n## 历史成就\n\n耶律楚材是蒙古帝国由军事征服转向文治的关键人物，其改革奠定了蒙古在中原统治的制度规模，也为后来元朝的建立打下基础。近臣别迭曾主张汉人无用、不如尽杀以空其地为牧场，楚材力陈中原的赋税、粮食与织物正是军需的来源，奏请设立燕京等十路征收课税使，以儒士担任长官管理税收，使国家财政有了稳定来源。蒙古军旧制对抵抗过的城邑破城后必行屠戮，汴京破城、大将速不台主张屠城时，楚材以“得地无民，无用”为由谏止窝阔台，使汴京一百四十七万居民得以保全，后来蒙古军攻城不杀逐渐成为定例。他还协助窝阔台确立君臣跪拜之礼，定赋税、籍户口、分郡县、理狱讼、别军民，整顿吏治；奏请以“本利相侔而止”的办法废除使百姓卖妻鬻子偿债的“羊羔儿利”高利贷，并由官府代偿无力偿还的旧债。在文化上，他寻访到孔子五十一世孙孔元措，奏封其为衍圣公并修建孔庙，又奏请开科取士，得儒士数千人充任各级官吏，推动了蒙古统治下的文治。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 正史记载\n\n\u003e 耶律楚材粘合重山楊惟中\n\n——《元史/卷146》[^zhengshi]\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属朝代或国家：金朝、蒙古帝国[^wikidata]\n- 出生地：金中都[^wikidata]", "url": "/people/yelu-chucai.html", "lang": "th", "sourceLang": "zh", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "birth": { "year": 1189, "display": "1189年" }, "death": { "year": 1244, "display": "1244年" }, "occupations": [ "作家", "诗人", "政治人物" ], "nativePlace": "金中都", "personCategory": "历史人物" }, "entities": null, "tags": [ { "id": "tag-ancient-china", "slug": "ancient-china", "name": "จีนโบราณ", "description": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "names": { "ar": "الصين القديمة", "de": "Das alte China", "en": "Ancient China", "es": "China antigua", "fr": "Chine ancienne", "hi": "प्राचीन चीन", "id": "Tiongkok kuno", "it": "Cina antica", "ja": "中国古代", "ko": "중국 고대", "ms": "China purba", "nl": "Het oude China", "pt": "China antiga", "ru": "Древний Китай", "th": "จีนโบราณ", "tr": "Antik Çin", "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại", "zh": "中国古代", "zh-hant": "中國古代" }, "descriptions": { "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.", "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.", "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.", "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.", "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.", "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।", "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.", "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。", "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.", "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.", "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.", "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.", "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.", "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง", "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.", "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.", "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。", "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。" }, "count": 1097 } ], "relations": [ { "id": "rel_117449_born_in_4515514", "fromId": "person_cn_q117449", "relationType": "born_in", "toId": "place_hist_q4515514", "sourceRefs": [ { "entityId": "person_cn_q117449", "sourceId": "wikidata" } ], "label": "Born in", "targetId": "place_hist_q4515514", "targetTitle": "金中都", "targetUrl": "/th/places/jinzhongdu.html", "incoming": false } ], "versions": [ { "revision": 6, "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T17:12:41+08:00", "message": "当前版本", "hasSnapshot": true, "url": "/th/people/yelu-chucai/at/6.html" } ], "lang": "th", "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "fallback": true, "infoFields": [ { "key": "birth_date", "label": "Birth", "value": "1189年" }, { "key": "death_date", "label": "Death", "value": "1244年" }, { "key": "native_place", "label": "Native place", "value": "金中都" }, { "key": "person_category", "label": "Person category", "value": "历史人物" }, { "key": "occupations", "label": "Occupations", "value": "作家, 诗人, 政治人物" } ], "relationsTotal": 1, "relationCounts": [ { "relationType": "born_in", "incoming": false, "label": "Born in", "total": 1 } ] }