{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "ค้นหา", "url": "/th/search-458.html", "entities": [ { "id": "organization_shueisha", "type": "organization", "title": "集英社", "slug": "shueisha", "aliases": [ "株式会社集英社", "Shueisha", "SHUEISHA Inc." ], "summary": "集英社是1926年由小学馆娱乐杂志部门独立而成、总部位于东京都千代田区一ツ橋的日本综合出版社，发行《週刊少年ジャンプ》等杂志。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-acg" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "集英社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/集英社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "小学館", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小学館", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "**集英社**（株式会社集英社，SHUEISHA Inc.）是1926年在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创业的日本综合出版社，社名意为“英知汇集”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1925年，[[organization_shogakukan|小学馆]]的娱乐杂志出版部门开始使用“集英社”商号；1926年该部门由相贺武夫从小学馆分离创业[^s1]。1941年至1946年因太平洋战争停业，1947年为出版山川惣治的纸画剧（紙芝居）《少年王者》单行本，以合资会社形式恢复营业；1949年改组为株式会社集英社[^s1]。1952年迁入独立社屋，此后与小学馆分离业务[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社发行《週刊少年ジャンプ》（1968年创刊）、《りぼん》、《週刊プレイボーイ》、《non-no》、《すばる》、《Myojo》等杂志，并出版文艺书、漫画单行本、辞典和儿童书等[^s1]。1976年为纪念创业50周年设立“すばる文学賞”[^s1]。2005年与小学馆等共同出资组建VIZ Media，2008年出资小学馆制作，组成小学館集英社プロダクション[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n小学馆为该社第一大股东（持股50%），两社同属“一ツ橋集团”；小学馆后来也进入娱乐出版，两社拥有许多相互竞争的杂志[^s1]。2025年5月期营收为2292亿2200万日元，净利润为194亿6200万日元；2025年8月员工749人[^s1]。", "url": "/organizations/shueisha.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "publisher", "founded": { "year": 1926, "month": 8, "precision": "month", "display": "1926年8月" }, "orgStatus": "active", "headquartersNote": "日本东京都千代田区一ツ橋二丁目5番10号" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "列夫·朗道", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_77", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Academy of Sciences" } ] }, { "name": "马克斯·佩鲁茨", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_226", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology" } ] }, { "name": "约翰·肯德鲁", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_227", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology" } ] }, { "name": "弗朗西斯·克里克", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_372", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology" } ] }, { "name": "詹姆斯·杜威·沃森", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_373", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "莫里斯·威尔金斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_374", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "约翰·斯坦贝克", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_634", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1962", "type": "work", "title": "1962 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1962", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1962", "1962诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1962 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1962/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1962/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1962/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:06+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1962 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1962-10-05 至 1962-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1962-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1962-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1962-10-05 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1962.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1962, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "罗伯特·霍夫施塔特", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_75", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stanford University" } ] }, { "name": "鲁道夫·穆斯堡尔", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_76", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Technical University" } ] }, { "name": "梅尔文·卡尔文", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_225", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "盖欧尔格·冯·贝凯希", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_371", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "伊沃·安德里奇", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_633", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1961", "type": "work", "title": "1961 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1961", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1961", "1961诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1961 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1961/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1961/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1961/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:30:01+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1961 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1961-10-19 至 1961-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1961-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1961-10-19 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1961-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1961.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1961, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "唐纳德·格拉泽", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_74", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the invention of the bubble chamber" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "威拉得·利比", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_224", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_369", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "彼得·梅达沃", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_370", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University College" } ] }, { "name": "圣琼·佩斯", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_631", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1960", "type": "work", "title": "1960 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1960", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1960", "1960诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1960 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1960/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1960/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1960 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1960-10-20 至 1960-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1960-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1960-10-20 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1960-10-26 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1960.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1960, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "埃米利奥·塞格雷", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_72", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "欧文·张伯伦", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_73", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the antiproton" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "雅罗斯拉夫·海罗夫斯基", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_223", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science" } ] }, { "name": "塞韦罗·奥乔亚", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_367", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "New York University, College of Medicine" } ] }, { "name": "阿瑟·科恩伯格", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_368", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stanford University" } ] }, { "name": "萨瓦多尔·夸西莫多", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_630", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1959", "type": "work", "title": "1959 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1959", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1959", "1959诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1959 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1959/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1959/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1959/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:51+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1959 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1959-10-15 至 1959-10-26 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1959-10-26 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1959-10-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1959-10-22 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1959.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1959, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "organization_kobunsha", "type": "organization", "title": "光文社", "slug": "kobunsha", "aliases": [ "株式会社光文社", "Kobunsha", "Kobunsha Co., Ltd." ], "summary": "光文社是1945年创立、总部位于东京都文京区音羽的日本综合出版社，属以講談社为中心的音羽集团，以“カッパ・ブックス”和《女性自身》等知名。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing", "tag-literature" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "光文社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/光文社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "講談社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/講談社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**光文社**（株式会社光文社，Kobunsha Co., Ltd.）是1945年10月1日在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创立的日本综合出版社，属以[[organization_kodansha|講談社]]为中心的“音羽集团”[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n光文社起源于1944年7月15日应陆军报道部要求作为講談社关系企业设立的“日本報道社”[^s1]。1945年战后，講談社成为出版界追究战争责任的主要对象，其经营层为防万一组建了光文社；講談社社史记为1945年9月5日以变更日本報道社章程的方式设立[^s1]。同年11月创刊综合月刊《光》，开始出版活动[^s1]。\n\n神吉晴夫与初代总编辑加藤一夫使该社接连推出畅销书；1954年创刊的“カッパ・ブックス”引发了日本的新书热潮[^s1]。1970年爆发劳资争议，神吉于年内辞去社长，争议至1977年才平息[^s1]。1996年，位于文京区音羽的新本社大楼建成[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n杂志方面，连载手冢治虫《铁臂阿童木》的《少年》开创了战后月刊少年漫画杂志的黄金时代，1958年创刊的周刊《女性自身》使“OL”一词得以普及；该社传统上擅长女性杂志，发行《JJ》《CLASSY.》《VERY》《STORY》等[^s1]。图书方面，该社出版过松本清张《点与线》、小松左京《日本沉没》等畅销书，并创办光文社文库、光文社新书和光文社古典新译文库[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n主要股东为講談社（45.8%）和野间文化财团（40.3%）[^s1]。2023年营收为159亿日元，员工275人[^s1]。", "url": "/organizations/kobunsha.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "publisher", "founded": { "year": 1945, "month": 10, "day": 1, "precision": "day", "display": "1945年10月1日" }, "orgStatus": "active", "headquartersNote": "日本东京都文京区音羽1丁目16番6号（1996年新本社大楼建成）" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "帕维尔·阿列克谢耶维奇·切连科夫", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_70", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute" } ] }, { "name": "伊利亚·弗兰克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_721", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University" } ] }, { "name": "伊戈尔·塔姆", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_71", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Lomonosov Moscow State University" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·桑格", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_222", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_364", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ] }, { "name": "爱德华·劳里·塔特姆", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_365", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "乔舒亚·莱德伯格", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_366", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Wisconsin" } ] }, { "name": "鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_629", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1958", "type": "work", "title": "1958 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1958", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1958", "1958诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1958 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、8 位得主，获奖名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1958/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1958/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1958/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:46+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1958 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1958-10-28 至 1958-10-30 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1958-10-30 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1958-10-28 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1958.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1958, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "杨振宁", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_68", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Institute for Advanced Study" } ] }, { "name": "李政道", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_69", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德，托德男爵", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_221", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "达尼埃尔·博韦", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_363", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health)" } ] }, { "name": "阿尔贝·加缪", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_628", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1957", "type": "work", "title": "1957 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1957", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1957", "1957诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1957 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1957/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1957/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1957/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1957 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1957-10-17 至 1957-10-31 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1957-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1957-10-24 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1957-10-17 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1957.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1957, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "威廉·肖克利", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_65", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc." } ] }, { "name": "约翰·巴丁", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_66", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Illinois" } ] }, { "name": "沃尔特·豪泽·布拉顿", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_67", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bell Telephone Laboratories" } ] }, { "name": "西里尔·欣谢尔伍德", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_219", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Oxford" } ] }, { "name": "尼古拉·谢苗诺夫", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_220", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" } ] }, { "name": "安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_360", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital" } ] }, { "name": "沃纳·福斯曼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_361", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Mainz University" } ] }, { "name": "迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_362", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_627", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1956", "type": "work", "title": "1956 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1956", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1956", "1956诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1956 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1956/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1956/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1956 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1956-10-18 至 1956-11-01 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1956-11-01 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1956-10-18 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1956-10-25 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1956.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1956, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "威利斯·兰姆", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_63", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stanford University" } ] }, { "name": "波利卡普·库施", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_64", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "文森特·迪维尼奥", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_218", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Cornell University" } ] }, { "name": "胡戈·特奥雷尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_359", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Karolinska Institutet, Nobel Medical Institute" } ] }, { "name": "哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_626", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1955", "type": "work", "title": "1955 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1955", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1955", "1955诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1955 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1955/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1955/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1955/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1955 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1955-10-20 至 1955-11-02 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1955-11-02 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1955-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1955-10-27 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1955.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1955, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "马克斯·玻恩", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_61", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Edinburgh University" } ] }, { "name": "瓦尔特·博特", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_62", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Heidelberg" } ] }, { "name": "莱纳斯·鲍林", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_217", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ] }, { "name": "约翰·富兰克林·恩德斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_356", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard Medical School" } ] }, { "name": "托马斯·哈克尔·韦勒", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_357", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·查普曼·罗宾斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_358", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Western Reserve University" } ] }, { "name": "欧内斯特·海明威", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_625", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in \u003cI\u003eThe Old Man and the Sea,\u003c/I\u003e and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1954", "type": "work", "title": "1954 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1954", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1954", "1954诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1954 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1954-10-21 至 1954-11-03 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1954/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1954/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1954/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1954 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1954-10-21 至 1954-11-03 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1954-11-03 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1954-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1954-10-21 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1954-10-28 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1954.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1954, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "弗里茨·泽尔尼克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_60", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Groningen University" } ] }, { "name": "赫尔曼·施陶丁格", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_216", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Freiburg" } ] }, { "name": "汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_354", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Sheffield University" } ] }, { "name": "弗里茨·阿尔贝特·李普曼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_355", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard Medical School" } ] }, { "name": "温斯顿·丘吉尔", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_624", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1953", "type": "work", "title": "1953 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1953", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1953", "1953诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1953 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1953-10-15 至 1953-11-04 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1953/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1953/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1953/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1953 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1953-10-15 至 1953-11-04 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1953-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1953-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1953-10-22 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1953-10-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1953.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1953, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "organization_shogakukan", "type": "organization", "title": "小学馆", "slug": "shogakukan", "aliases": [ "小学館", "小學館", "株式会社小学館", "Shogakukan", "SHOGAKUKAN Inc." ], "summary": "小学馆是1922年创业、总部位于东京都千代田区一ツ橋的日本综合出版社，是“一ツ橋集团”的核心企业，以学年别学习杂志起家。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature", "category-acg" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "小学館", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/小学館", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "集英社", "author": "Wikipedia 日本語版", "url": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/集英社", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**小学馆**（株式会社小学館，SHOGAKUKAN Inc.）是1922年在[[place_japan_pref_tokyo|东京]]创业的日本综合出版社，是系列企业集团“一ツ橋集团”的核心企业[^s1]。\n\n## 沿革\n\n1922年8月8日，共同出版社东京支店长相贺武夫在东京市神田区锦町创立小学馆，同年10月创刊《小学五年生》《小学六年生》[^s1]。社名源于创立时以小学生教育图书为主要业务[^s1]。1926年8月，将娱乐杂志出版部门独立为[[organization_shueisha|集英社]][^s1]。1933年本社迁至现址一ツ橋；1945年6月设立株式会社小学館[^s1]。社长一职由相贺家族相继担任，2022年5月相贺信宏就任第四代社长[^s1]。\n\n## 职能与业务\n\n该社长期以学年别学习杂志为标志，但2000至2010年代这些杂志相继休刊，2017年起仅《小学一年生》仍按月发行[^s1]。二战后该社重新进入娱乐图书出版，发展为综合出版社[^s1]。1965年《小鬼Q太郎》动画化时，该社自己成为商品化授权方，以所得收入建成第三代本社大楼，该楼因此又称“オバQビル”[^s1]。该社还出版《小学館の図鑑NEO》等图鉴及小学館文库等[^s1]。1986年在美国设立VIZ Communications，2005年与集英社等共同出资组建VIZ Media[^s1]。\n\n## 现状\n\n小学馆为集英社的第一大股东，持股50%[^s2]。2026年2月期营收为1035亿6700万日元，净利润为26亿2300万日元；2026年4月员工725人[^s1]。", "url": "/organizations/shogakukan.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "publisher", "founded": { "year": 1922, "month": 8, "day": 8, "precision": "day", "display": "1922年8月8日" }, "orgStatus": "active", "headquartersNote": "日本东京都千代田区一ツ橋二丁目3番1号（1933年迁入）" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "约翰·考克饶夫", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_56", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Atomic Energy Research Establishment" } ] }, { "name": "欧内斯特·沃尔顿", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_57", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Trinity College" } ] }, { "name": "埃德温·麦克米伦", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_212", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "格伦·西奥多·西博格", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_213", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "马克斯·泰累尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_352", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation" } ] }, { "name": "佩尔·拉格奎斯特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_622", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1951", "type": "work", "title": "1951 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1951", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1951", "1951诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1951 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1951-10-18 至 1951-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1951/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1951/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1951 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1951-10-18 至 1951-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1951-10-18 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1951-11-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1951.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1951, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "塞西尔·鲍威尔", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_55", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bristol University" } ] }, { "name": "奥托·迪尔斯", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_210", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kiel University" } ] }, { "name": "库尔特·阿尔德", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_211", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Cologne University" } ] }, { "name": "爱德华·卡尔文·肯德尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_349", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Mayo Clinic" } ] }, { "name": "塔德乌什·赖希施泰因", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_350", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Basel University" } ] }, { "name": "菲利普·肖瓦特·亨奇", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_351", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Mayo Clinic" } ] }, { "name": "伯特兰·罗素", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_621", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1950", "type": "work", "title": "1950 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1950", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1950", "1950诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1950 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、7 位得主，获奖名单在 1950-10-26 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1950/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1950/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:12+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1950 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1950-10-26 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1950-10-26 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1950.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1950, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "汤川秀树", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_54", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·吉奥克", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_209", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_347", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Zurich" } ] }, { "name": "安东尼奥·埃加斯·莫尼斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_348", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Lisbon" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·福克纳", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_620", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1949", "type": "work", "title": "1949 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1949", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1949", "1949诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1949 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1949-10-27 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1949/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1949/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1949/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1949 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1949-10-27 至 1950-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1949-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1949-11-03 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1949-10-27 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1950-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1949.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1949, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "帕特里克·布莱克特", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_53", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Victoria University" } ] }, { "name": "阿尔内·蒂塞利乌斯", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_208", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Uppsala University" } ] }, { "name": "保罗·赫尔曼·穆勒", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_346", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.)" } ] }, { "name": "T·S·艾略特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_619", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1948", "type": "work", "title": "1948 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1948", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1948", "1948诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1948 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1948-10-28 至 1948-11-04 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1948/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1948/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1948/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1948 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1948-10-28 至 1948-11-04 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1948-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1948-11-04 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1948.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1948, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "爱德华·阿普尔顿", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_52", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Department of Scientific and Industrial Research" } ] }, { "name": "罗伯特·鲁宾逊", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_207", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Oxford" } ] }, { "name": "卡尔·斐迪南·科里", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_343", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Washington University" } ] }, { "name": "格蒂·科里", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_344", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Washington University" } ] }, { "name": "贝尔纳多·奥赛", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_345", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine)" } ] }, { "name": "安德烈·纪德", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_618", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1947", "type": "work", "title": "1947 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1947", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1947", "1947诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1947 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1947-10-23 至 1947-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1947/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1947/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1947/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1947/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:29:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1947 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1947-10-23 至 1947-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1947-10-23 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1947-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1947.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1947, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "珀西·布里奇曼", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_51", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "詹姆斯·B·萨姆纳", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_204", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Cornell University" } ] }, { "name": "约翰·霍华德·诺思罗普", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_205", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "温德尔·梅雷迪思·斯坦利", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_206", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "赫尔曼·约瑟夫·马勒", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_342", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Indiana University" } ] }, { "name": "赫尔曼·黑塞", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_617", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1946", "type": "work", "title": "1946 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1946", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1946", "1946诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1946 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1946-10-31 至 1946-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 3 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1946/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1946/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1946/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1946 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1946-10-31 至 1946-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1946-10-31 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1946-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1946.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1946, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "沃尔夫冈·泡利", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_50", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Princeton University" } ] }, { "name": "阿尔图里·伊尔马里·维尔塔宁", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_203", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Helsinki" } ] }, { "name": "亚历山大·弗莱明", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_339", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_340", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Oxford" } ] }, { "name": "霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_341", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Oxford" } ] }, { "name": "加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_615", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1945", "type": "work", "title": "1945 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1945", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1945", "1945诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1945 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1945/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1945/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1945 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1945-10-25 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1945.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1945, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "伊西多·拉比", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_49", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "奥托·哈恩", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_202", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie" } ] }, { "name": "约瑟夫·厄尔兰格", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_337", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Washington University" } ] }, { "name": "赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_338", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "约翰内斯·威廉·延森", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_614", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1944", "type": "work", "title": "1944 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1944", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1944", "1944诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1944 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1944-10-26 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1944/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1944/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1944/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1944 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1944-10-26 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1944-10-26 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1944.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1944, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "奥托·施特恩", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_48", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Carnegie Institute of Technology" } ] }, { "name": "乔治·德海韦西", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_201", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stockholm University" } ] }, { "name": "亨里克·达姆", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_335", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of vitamin K" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Polytechnic Institute" } ] }, { "name": "爱德华·阿德尔伯特·多伊西", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_336", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Saint Louis University" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1943", "type": "work", "title": "1943 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1943", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1943", "1943诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1943 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1944-10-26 至 1944-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1943/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1943/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1943/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1943 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1944-10-26 至 1944-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1944-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1944-10-26 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1943.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1943, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "欧内斯特·劳伦斯", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_47", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of California" } ] }, { "name": "阿道夫·布特南特", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_199", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on sex hormones" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie" } ] }, { "name": "拉沃斯拉夫·鲁日奇卡", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_200", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)" } ] }, { "name": "格哈德·多马克", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_334", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Munster University" } ] }, { "name": "弗兰斯·埃米尔·西兰帕", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_613", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1939", "type": "work", "title": "1939 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1939", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1939", "1939诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1939 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1939-10-26 至 1939-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1939/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1939/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1939/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1939 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1939-10-26 至 1939-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1939-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1939-11-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1939-10-26 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1939-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1939.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1939, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "克林顿·戴维孙", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_44", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bell Telephone Laboratories" } ] }, { "name": "乔治·汤姆孙", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_45", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "沃尔特·霍沃思", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_196", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Birmingham University" } ] }, { "name": "保罗·卡勒", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_197", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Zurich" } ] }, { "name": "圣捷尔吉·阿尔伯特", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_332", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Szeged University" } ] }, { "name": "罗杰·马丁·杜·加尔", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_609", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle \u003cI\u003eLes Thibault\u003c/I\u003e" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1937", "type": "work", "title": "1937 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1937", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1937", "1937诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1937 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1937-10-28 至 1937-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1937/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1937/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1937/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1937 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1937-10-28 至 1937-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1937-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1937-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1937.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1937, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "维克托·赫斯", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_42", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of cosmic radiation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Innsbruck University" } ] }, { "name": "卡尔·戴维·安德森", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_43", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the positron" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ] }, { "name": "彼得·德拜", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_195", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Berlin University" } ] }, { "name": "亨利·哈利特·戴尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_330", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "National Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "奥托·勒维", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_331", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Graz University" } ] }, { "name": "尤金·奥尼尔", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_608", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1936", "type": "work", "title": "1936 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1936", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1936", "1936诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1936 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1936-10-29 至 1936-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1936/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1936/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1936/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:28+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1936 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1936-10-29 至 1936-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1936-10-29 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1936-11-12 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1936.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1936, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "詹姆斯·查德威克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_41", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of the neutron" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Liverpool University" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_193", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Institut du Radium" } ] }, { "name": "伊雷娜·约里奥-居里", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_194", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Institut du Radium" } ] }, { "name": "汉斯·施佩曼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_329", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Freiburg im Breisgau" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1935", "type": "work", "title": "1935 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1935", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1935", "1935诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1935 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1935-10-24 至 1935-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1935/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1935/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:24+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1935 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1935-10-24 至 1935-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1935-11-14 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1935-11-14 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1935-10-24 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1935.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1935, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "哈罗德·克莱顿·尤里", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_192", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Columbia University" } ] }, { "name": "乔治·惠普尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_326", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Rochester" } ] }, { "name": "乔治·迈诺特", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_327", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·莫菲", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_328", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "路伊吉·皮兰德娄", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_607", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1934", "type": "work", "title": "1934 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1934", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1934", "1934诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1934 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1934-10-25 至 1934-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1934/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1934/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1934/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1934 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1934-10-25 至 1934-11-15 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1934-11-15 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1934-10-25 | 3 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1934-11-08 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1934.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1934, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "埃尔温·薛定谔", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_39", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Berlin University" } ] }, { "name": "保罗·狄拉克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_40", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "托马斯·亨特·摩尔根", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_325", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ] }, { "name": "伊凡·阿列克谢耶维奇·蒲宁", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_606", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1933", "type": "work", "title": "1933 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1933", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1933", "1933诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1933 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1933-10-20 至 1933-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1933/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1933/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:16+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1933 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1933-10-20 至 1933-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1933-11-09 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1933-10-20 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1933-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1933.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1933, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "卡尔·博施", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_189", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Heidelberg" } ] }, { "name": "弗里德里希·贝吉乌斯", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_190", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Heidelberg" } ] }, { "name": "奥托·海因里希·瓦尔堡", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_322", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie" } ] }, { "name": "埃里克·阿克塞尔·卡尔费尔特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_604", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1931", "type": "work", "title": "1931 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1931", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1931", "1931诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1931 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1931-10-29 至 1931-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1931/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1931/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1931/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1931 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1931-10-29 至 1931-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1931-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1931-10-29 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1931-11-08 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1931.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1931, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "钱德拉塞卡拉·拉曼", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_37", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Calcutta University" } ] }, { "name": "汉斯·费歇尔", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_188", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology)" } ] }, { "name": "卡尔·兰德施泰纳", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_321", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of human blood groups" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "辛克莱·刘易斯", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_603", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1930", "type": "work", "title": "1930 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1930", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1930", "1930诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1930 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1930-10-30 至 1930-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1930/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1930/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1930/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:28:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1930 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1930-10-30 至 1930-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1930-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1930-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1930-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1930-11-05 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1930.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1930, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "路易·德布罗意", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_36", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Sorbonne University, Institut Henri Poincaré" } ] }, { "name": "阿瑟·哈登", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_186", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "汉斯·冯·奥伊勒-切尔平", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_187", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Stockholm University" } ] }, { "name": "克里斯蒂安·艾克曼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_319", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Utrecht University" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·霍普金斯", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_320", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "托马斯·曼", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_602", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "principally for his great novel, \u003cI\u003eBuddenbrooks\u003c/I\u003e, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1929", "type": "work", "title": "1929 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1929", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1929", "1929诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1929 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1929-10-31 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1929/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1929/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1929/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1929 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1929-10-31 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1929-10-31 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1929.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1929, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "欧文·理查森", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_35", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "阿道夫·温道斯", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_185", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Goettingen University" } ] }, { "name": "夏尔·尼科勒", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_318", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on typhus" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Institut Pasteur" } ] }, { "name": "西格丽德·温塞特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_601", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1928", "type": "work", "title": "1928 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1928", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1928", "1928诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1928 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1928-10-25 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1928/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1928/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1928/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1928/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1928 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1928-10-25 至 1929-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1929-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1928-10-25 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1928.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1928, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "person_wang_yunwu", "type": "person", "title": "王云五", "slug": "wang-yunwu", "aliases": [ "王雲五", "Wang Yunwu", "王之瑞", "王岫庐" ], "summary": "王云五（1888年—1979年）是中国出版家、学者和政治家，1920至30年代主理商务印书馆，发明四角号码检字法，1948年任财政部部长，晚年在台湾主持台湾商务印书馆。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-people", "category-historical-figures", "category-history" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing", "tag-modern-china", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "王云五", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/王云五", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:55+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "**王云五**（1888年—1979年），原名之瑞，字岫庐，是中国学者、教育家、出版家和政治家，籍贯广东香山，生于[[place_shanghai|上海]][^s1]。\n\n## 生平\n\n王云五自学成材，14岁起在五金店当学徒，晚间学习英文，后在中国公学教授英文[^s1]。[[person_hushi|胡适]]在中国公学求学时受其影响很大[^s1]。1912年，他任孙中山临时大总统府秘书，同年随教育总长[[person_cn_q19796|蔡元培]]赴北京，任教育部科长[^s1]。\n\n1921年，经胡适推荐，王云五任[[organization_commercial|商务印书馆]]编译所所长，1930年起任总经理[^s1]。1932年商务印书馆与东方图书馆在淞沪战事中几乎全被日军炸毁，他向银行借款救济员工，经过两年恢复了该馆的运作[^s1]。抗日战争期间，商务印书馆在他主持下继续出版[^s1]。\n\n战时他以参政员身份活跃于政坛，1946年任国民政府经济部部长，1947年任行政院副院长[^s1]。1948年，他任行宪后第一任财政部部长，推行金圆券币制改革，引发恶性通货膨胀，数月后内阁总辞[^s1]。\n\n1949年后，王云五到台湾，历任考试院副院长、行政院副院长，1963年曾短暂代理行政院院长[^s1]。1964年起任台湾商务印书馆董事长；1972年捐资创设云五图书馆基金会，并将全部藏书公开提供大众阅读[^s1]。1979年8月14日，他在[[place_taipei|台北]]逝世[^s1]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n主理商务印书馆期间，王云五以“教育普及”和“学术独立”为方针，出版多种词典、百科全书及丛书，并以科学管理方法改革该馆[^s1]。他发明四角号码检字法，以此法编印《王云五大辞典》，并出版《万有文库》[^s1]。著有《物理与政治》《中外图书统一分类法》等[^s1]。\n\n## 影响\n\n黄仁宇在回忆录《黄河青山》中称他“是一流的出版家，甚至可能是中国首屈一指的出版家”[^s1]。他在台北的故居已改建为王云五纪念馆[^s1]。", "url": "/people/wang-yunwu.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1888, "month": 7, "day": 9, "precision": "day", "display": "1888年7月9日" }, "death": { "year": 1979, "month": 8, "day": 14, "precision": "day", "display": "1979年8月14日" }, "occupations": [ "出版家", "学者", "政治人物" ], "nativePlace": "广东香山", "isFictional": false, "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "阿瑟·康普顿", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_33", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the effect named after him" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Chicago" } ] }, { "name": "查尔斯·威耳逊", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_34", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "海因里希·奥托·威兰", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_184", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Munich University" } ] }, { "name": "朱利叶斯·瓦格纳-尧雷格", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_317", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Vienna University" } ] }, { "name": "亨利·柏格森", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_600", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1927", "type": "work", "title": "1927 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1927", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1927", "1927诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1927 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1927-10-27 至 1928-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1927/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1927/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1927/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1927 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1927-10-27 至 1928-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1927-11-10 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1927-10-27 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1928-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1927.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1927, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "让·佩兰", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_32", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Sorbonne University" } ] }, { "name": "特奥多尔·斯韦德贝里", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_183", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on disperse systems" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Uppsala University" } ] }, { "name": "约翰尼斯·菲比格", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_316", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Copenhagen University" } ] }, { "name": "格拉齐亚·黛莱达", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_597", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1926", "type": "work", "title": "1926 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1926", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1926", "1926诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1926 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1926-11-11 至 1927-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1926/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1926/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1926/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1926 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1926-11-11 至 1927-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1927-10-27 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1927-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1926.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1926, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "詹姆斯·弗兰克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_30", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Goettingen University" } ] }, { "name": "古斯塔夫·赫兹", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_31", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Halle University" } ] }, { "name": "里夏德·阿道夫·席格蒙迪", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_182", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Goettingen University" } ] }, { "name": "萧伯纳", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_596", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1925", "type": "work", "title": "1925 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1925", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1925", "1925诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1925 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1926-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1925/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1925/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1925/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1925 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1926-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1926-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1925.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1925, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "曼内·西格巴恩", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_29", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Uppsala University" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·埃因托芬", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_315", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Leiden University" } ] }, { "name": "瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_594", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his great national epic, \u003cI\u003eThe Peasants\u003c/I\u003e" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1924", "type": "work", "title": "1924 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1924", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1924", "1924诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1924 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1924-10-23 至 1925-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1924/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1924/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1924 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1924-10-23 至 1925-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1925-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1924-10-23 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1924-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1924.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1924, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "罗伯特·安德鲁·密立根", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_28", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "California Institute of Technology (Caltech)" } ] }, { "name": "弗里茨·普雷格尔", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_181", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Graz University" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·班廷", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_313", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of insulin" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Toronto" } ] }, { "name": "约翰·麦克劳德", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_314", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of insulin" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Toronto" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·巴特勒·叶芝", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_593", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1923", "type": "work", "title": "1923 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1923", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1923", "1923诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1923 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1923-10-25 至 1923-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1923/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1923/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1923/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:36+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1923 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1923-10-25 至 1923-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1923-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1923-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1923-10-25 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1923-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1923.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1923, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "尼尔斯·玻尔", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_27", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Copenhagen University" } ] }, { "name": "弗朗西斯·阿斯顿", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_180", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Cambridge" } ] }, { "name": "阿奇博尔德·希尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_311", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "London University" } ] }, { "name": "奥托·迈尔霍夫", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_312", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kiel University" } ] }, { "name": "哈辛托·贝纳文特", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_592", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1922", "type": "work", "title": "1922 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1922", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1922", "1922诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1922 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1922-10-25 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 2 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1922/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1922/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:31+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1922 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1922-10-25 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1922-10-25 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1922.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1922, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_26", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik" } ] }, { "name": "弗雷德里克·索迪", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_179", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Oxford" } ] }, { "name": "阿纳托尔·法朗士", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_590", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1921", "type": "work", "title": "1921 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1921", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1921", "1921诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1921 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1921-11-10 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1921/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1921/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:27+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1921 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1921-11-10 至 1922-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1922-11-09 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1921-11-10 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1921.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1921, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "夏尔·爱德华·纪尧姆", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_25", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)" } ] }, { "name": "瓦尔特·能斯特", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_178", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Berlin University" } ] }, { "name": "奥古斯特·克罗", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_310", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Copenhagen University" } ] }, { "name": "克努特·汉姆生", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_589", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his monumental work, \u003cI\u003eGrowth of the Soil\u003c/I\u003e" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1920", "type": "work", "title": "1920 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1920", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1920", "1920诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1920 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1920-10-28 至 1921-11-10 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1920/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1920/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1920/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1920/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1920 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1920-10-28 至 1921-11-10 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1921-11-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1920-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1920.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1920, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "id": "person_zhang_yuanji", "type": "person", "title": "张元济", "slug": "zhang-yuanji", "aliases": [ "張元濟", "Zhang Yuanji", "张菊生", "张筱斋" ], "summary": "张元济（1867年—1959年）是中国出版家，清末进士，长期主持商务印书馆并曾任董事长，1948年当选中央研究院第一届院士。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-people", "category-historical-figures", "category-history" ], "tags": [ "tag-publishing", "tag-modern-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "张元济", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/张元济", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "商务印书馆", "author": "维基百科", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/商务印书馆", "locator": "2026-11-01 访问" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "**张元济**（1867年—1959年），字筱斋，号菊生，是中国出版家，祖籍[[place_cn_330424|浙江海盐]]，生于[[place_guangzhou|广州]]府[^s1]。\n\n## 生平\n\n张元济于光绪十八年（1892年）中进士，同年改翰林院庶吉士，散馆后任刑部主事，曾任总理各国事务衙门章京[^s1]。甲午战争后，他投身维新运动，1897年在北京创办学堂；戊戌变法失败后被革职，转任上海南洋公学译书院院长[^s1]。\n\n1901年，张元济投资[[organization_commercial|商务印书馆]]并主持该馆编译工作，倡议设立编译所，聘[[person_cn_q19796|蔡元培]]为所长，主持编定教科书[^s1]。此后他长期主持商务印书馆，后任董事长[^s1]。1932年商务印书馆总厂在“一·二八事变”中被毁后，董事会成立特别委员会办理善后，由他任委员长[^s2]。\n\n1948年，张元济当选中央研究院第一届院士；次年担任第一届全国政协委员和第一届全国人大代表[^s1]。1959年8月14日，他在[[place_shanghai|上海]]逝世[^s1]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n张元济著有《涵芬楼烬余书录》《宝礼堂宋本书录》《涉园序跋集录》《校史随笔》等[^s1]。叶圣陶评价说：“张先生把商务看成是他的终生事业。”[^s1]", "url": "/people/zhang-yuanji.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1867, "month": 10, "day": 25, "precision": "day", "display": "1867年10月25日" }, "death": { "year": 1959, "month": 8, "day": 14, "precision": "day", "display": "1959年8月14日" }, "occupations": [ "出版家" ], "nativePlace": "浙江海盐", "isFictional": false, "personCategory": "历史人物" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "约翰内斯·斯塔克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_24", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Greifswald University" } ] }, { "name": "朱尔·博尔代", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_309", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discoveries relating to immunity" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Brussels University" } ] }, { "name": "卡尔·施皮特勒", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_588", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in special appreciation of his epic, \u003cI\u003eOlympian Spring\u003c/I\u003e" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1919", "type": "work", "title": "1919 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1919", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1919", "1919诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1919 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1919-11-13 至 1920-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1919/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1919/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1919/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1919 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1919-11-13 至 1920-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1920-10-28 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1920-11-11 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1919.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1919, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "马克斯·普朗克", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_23", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Berlin University" } ] }, { "name": "弗里茨·哈伯", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_177", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1918", "type": "work", "title": "1918 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1918", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1918", "1918诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1918 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 2 个奖项、2 位得主，获奖名单在 1919-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1918/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1918 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1919-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1919-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1918.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1918, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "查尔斯·格洛弗·巴克拉", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_22", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the characteristic R\u0026ouml;ntgen radiation of the elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Edinburgh University" } ] }, { "name": "卡尔·阿道夫·盖勒鲁普", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_586", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals" } ] }, { "name": "亨利克·蓬托皮丹", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_587", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1917", "type": "work", "title": "1917 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1917", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1917", "1917诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1917 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 2 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1917-11-08 至 1918-11-12 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 2 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1917/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1917/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1917 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1917-11-08 至 1918-11-12 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1918-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1917-11-08 | 2 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1917.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1917, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "维尔纳·冯·海登斯坦", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_585", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1916", "type": "work", "title": "1916 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1916", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1916", "1916诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1916 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 1 个奖项、1 位得主，获奖名单在 1916-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1916/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:05+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1916 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1916-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1916-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1916.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1916, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "威廉·亨利·布拉格", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_20", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University College" } ] }, { "name": "威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_21", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Victoria University" } ] }, { "name": "里夏德·维尔施泰特", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_176", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie" } ] }, { "name": "罗曼·罗兰", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_584", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1915", "type": "work", "title": "1915 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1915", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1915", "1915诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1915 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1915-11-11 至 1916-11-09 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 2 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1915/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1915/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:27:02+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1915 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1915-11-11 至 1916-11-09 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1915-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1916-11-09 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1915.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1915, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "马克斯·冯·劳厄", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_19", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Frankfurt-on-the-Main University" } ] }, { "name": "西奥多·威廉·理查兹", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_175", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Harvard University" } ] }, { "name": "罗伯特·巴拉尼", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_308", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Vienna University" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1914", "type": "work", "title": "1914 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1914", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1914", "1914诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1914 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 3 个奖项、3 位得主，获奖名单在 1915-10-29 至 1915-11-11 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1914/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1914/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1914/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:57+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1914 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1915-10-29 至 1915-11-11 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1915-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1915-10-29 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1914.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1914, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "海克·卡末林·昂内斯", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_18", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Leiden University" } ] }, { "name": "阿尔弗雷德·维尔纳", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_174", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "University of Zurich" } ] }, { "name": "夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_307", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Sorbonne University" } ] }, { "name": "罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_583", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1913", "type": "work", "title": "1913 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1913", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1913", "1913诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1913 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、4 位得主，获奖名单在 1913-10-30 至 1913-11-13 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1913/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1913/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1913 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1913-10-30 至 1913-11-13 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1913-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1913-11-11 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1913-10-30 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1913-11-13 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1913.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1913, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" }, { "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" } ], "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "name": "尼尔斯·古斯塔夫·达伦", "tier": "physics", "entityId": "person_nobel_17", "sourceId": "s1", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co." } ] }, { "name": "维克多·格林尼亚", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_172", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Nancy University" } ] }, { "name": "保罗·萨巴捷", "tier": "chemistry", "entityId": "person_nobel_173", "sourceId": "s2", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Toulouse University" } ] }, { "name": "亚历克西·卡雷尔", "tier": "medicine", "entityId": "person_nobel_306", "sourceId": "s3", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research" } ] }, { "name": "格哈特·霍普特曼", "tier": "literature", "entityId": "person_nobel_582", "sourceId": "s4", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art" } ] } ], "id": "work_nobel_prize_1912", "type": "work", "title": "1912 年诺贝尔奖", "slug": "nobel-prize-1912", "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1912", "1912诺贝尔奖" ], "summary": "1912 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、5 位得主，获奖名单在 1912-10-10 至 1912-11-14 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 2 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 1 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1912/summary/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1912/summary/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/summary/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912", "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1912/summary/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:26:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "**1912 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1912-10-10 至 1912-11-14 陆续公布[^s1]。\n\n## 本年度获奖情况\n\n| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |\n| --- | --- | ---: |\n| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1912-11-12 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1912-11-12 | 2 |\n| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1912-10-10 | 1 |\n| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1912-11-14 | 1 |\n\n得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]、[[organization_nobel_foundation|诺贝尔基金会]]", "url": "/works/nobel-prize-1912.html", "lang": "th", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "workKind": "ranking_list", "published": { "year": 1912, "precision": "year" }, "language": "中文" } ], 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