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  "title": "西游记 · ความสัมพันธ์",
  "description": "《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与《三国演义》《水浒传》《红楼梦》并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经为蓝本，叙述孙悟空出世、大闹天宫与唐僧师徒西行历难求取真经的故事，现存最早刊本是明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂本《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，作者一般署为吴承恩。",
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    "summary": "《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与《三国演义》《水浒传》《红楼梦》并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经为蓝本，叙述孙悟空出世、大闹天宫与唐僧师徒西行历难求取真经的故事，现存最早刊本是明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂本《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，作者一般署为吴承恩。",
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        "title": "小说里的中国传统",
        "author": "光明日报",
        "date": "2018-11-26",
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    "body": "## 概述\n\n《西游记》是明代的一百回章回体长篇神魔小说，与[[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]、[[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]、[[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]并称中国古典四大名著。全书以唐代玄奘西行取经的史实为蓝本，写孙悟空出世、学艺与大闹天宫，继而叙述唐僧带领孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧与白龙马西行，历经八十一难抵达灵山取回真经、五圣成真的故事。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 作者与成书\n\n故事素材经历了长期积累：玄奘取经的事迹在唐以后演为笔记、变文、杂剧与平话，宋元时期已出现多种以取经为题材的作品。今见《西游记》的最早刊本为明万历二十年（1592年）金陵世德堂梓行的《新刻出像官板大字西游记》，此本未署作者姓名，只题“华阳洞天主人校”，陈元之《序》明言“不知其何人所为”。20世纪20年代，鲁迅、胡适据《淮安府志》等记载考定此书为淮安[[person_cn_q228889|吴承恩]]所作，“吴著”说此后长期居于主流；1980年代以来，陆续有学者提出质疑，作者归属至今仍有争议。[^gmrb][^zhwiki]\n\n## 内容\n\n全书大致可分为三部分：前七回写孙悟空出世、求仙学道与大闹天宫；第八回至第十二回交代取经缘起与唐僧身世；第十三回以后写取经途中降妖伏魔的历难历程。书中把神魔世界与人间世态交织在一起，孙悟空、猪八戒、唐僧等形象以及“大闹天宫”“三打白骨精”“真假美猴王”等情节流传最广。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 版本\n\n明代刊本有世德堂本、杨闽斋本、《李卓吾先生批评西游记》等，清代又有多种刊本与抄本，并出现了《西游证道书》等删改评点本。20世纪以来，以世德堂本为底本整理的排印本最为通行。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 影响\n\n《西游记》被视为中国古代神魔小说的高峰，对后世小说、戏曲、说唱与民间信仰影响深远，孙悟空的形象在各地演为独立的信仰与民俗。全书广泛流传于日本、朝鲜半岛、越南等汉文文化圈，并被大量改编为戏曲、影视、动画、漫画与游戏作品。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q70806|《三国演义》]]\n- [[work_cn_q70827|《水浒传》]]\n- [[work_cn_q8265|《红楼梦》]]\n- [[person_cn_q228889|吴承恩]]\n- [[person_cn_q11500143|齐天大圣]]",
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