--- { "aliases": [ "Nobel Prize 1978", "1978诺贝尔奖" ], "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "categories": [ "category-awards" ], "createdAt": "2026-11-01T01:39:17+08:00", "fallback": true, "id": "work_nobel_prize_1978", "lang": "th", "language": "中文", "published": { "precision": "year", "year": 1978 }, "rankingColumns": [ { "key": "motivation", "label": "获奖理由" }, { "key": "affiliation", "label": "获奖时所属机构" } ], "rankingEntries": [ { "entityId": "person_nobel_110", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Academy of Sciences" } ], "name": "彼得·卡皮查", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_111", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bell Laboratories" } ], "name": "阿诺·彭齐亚斯", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_112", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Bell Laboratories" } ], "name": "罗伯特·威尔逊", "sourceId": "s1", "tier": "physics" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_251", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Glynn Research Laboratories" } ], "name": "彼得·米切尔", "sourceId": "s2", "tier": "chemistry" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_414", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Biozentrum der Universität" } ], "name": "沃纳·亚伯", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_415", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine" } ], "name": "丹尼尔·那森斯", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_416", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine" } ], "name": "汉弥尔顿·史密斯", "sourceId": "s3", "tier": "medicine" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_654", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" } ], "name": "艾萨克·巴甚维斯·辛格", "sourceId": "s4", "tier": "literature" }, { "entityId": "person_nobel_691", "meta": [ { "key": "motivation", "value": "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" }, { "key": "affiliation", "value": "Carnegie Mellon University" } ], "name": "赫伯特·西蒙", "sourceId": "s5", "tier": "economics" } ], "rankingTiers": [ { "id": "physics", "label": "诺贝尔物理学奖" }, { "id": "chemistry", "label": "诺贝尔化学奖" }, { "id": "medicine", "label": "诺贝尔生理学或医学奖" }, { "id": "literature", "label": "诺贝尔文学奖" }, { "id": "economics", "label": "瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖" } ], "revision": 4, "slug": "nobel-prize-1978", "sources": [ { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s1", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s2", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1978/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s3", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s4", "title": "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1978/summary/" }, { "author": "The Nobel Foundation", "id": "s5", "title": "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978", "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/summary/" } ], "status": "published", "summary": "1978 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。", "tags": [ "tag-nobel-prize" ], "title": "1978 年诺贝尔奖", "type": "work", "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T03:31:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "workKind": "ranking_list" } --- # 1978 年诺贝尔奖 1978 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。 **1978 年诺贝尔奖**是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布[^s1]。 ## 本年度获奖情况 | 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 | | --- | --- | ---: | | 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 3 | | 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 1 | | 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1978-10-12 | 3 | | 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1978-10-05 | 1 | | 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1978-10-16 | 1 | 得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[^s1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。 ## 参见 [诺贝尔奖](/th/concepts/nobel-prize.html)、[诺贝尔基金会](/th/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) 更新时间：2026-11-01 ## 标签 ## 关系 - Published by：[诺贝尔基金会](/th/organizations/nobel-foundation.html) - Previous edition：[1977 年诺贝尔奖](/th/works/nobel-prize-1977.html) - Next edition：[1979 年诺贝尔奖](/th/works/nobel-prize-1979.html) 第 1 / 1 页，共 3 条。 ## 正文反向链接 - [彼得·卡皮查](/th/people/pyotr-kapitsa.html) - [阿诺·彭齐亚斯](/th/people/arno-penzias.html) - [罗伯特·威尔逊](/th/people/robert-woodrow-wilson.html) - [彼得·米切尔](/th/people/peter-mitchell.html) - [沃纳·亚伯](/th/people/werner-arber.html) - [丹尼尔·那森斯](/th/people/daniel-nathans.html) - [汉弥尔顿·史密斯](/th/people/hamilton-o-smith.html) - [艾萨克·巴甚维斯·辛格](/th/people/isaac-bashevis-singer.html) - [赫伯特·西蒙](/th/people/herbert-simon.html) ## 来源 - The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1978/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/summary/ - The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1978/summary/ - The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/summary/