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  "title": "加里·鲁夫昆",
  "description": "加里·鲁夫昆（Gary Ruvkun，1952年—）是美国分子生物学家，微小RNA调控机制的发现者之一，2024年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。",
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    "body": "**加里·鲁夫昆**（Gary Ruvkun，1952年—）出生于伯克利（美国）。\n\n## 生平与职业生涯\n\n加里·鲁夫昆1973年获加州大学伯克利分校生物物理学学士学位，1982年获哈佛大学生物物理学博士学位，博士研究在奥苏贝尔实验室做细菌固氮基因。随后他任哈佛大学初级研究员，并在麻省理工学院霍维茨实验室和哈佛大学吉尔伯特实验室做博士后，1985年起任哈佛医学院遗传学教授，同时在麻省总医院从事研究[^s3]。\n\n## 主要成就\n\n鲁夫昆与安布罗斯合作研究线虫秀丽隐杆线虫的发育时序：安布罗斯发现lin-4基因的产物是一段仅22个核苷酸、不编码蛋白质的小RNA，鲁夫昆则在1993年《细胞》杂志上证明，这段小RNA通过与lin-14信使RNA的不完全配对抑制其翻译。2000年，他的实验室又发现第二个微小RNAlet-7，且在从线虫到人类的众多动物中都保守存在，证明微小RNA调控是普遍的基因调控层；两人2008年同获拉斯克奖[^s3]。\n\n## 获奖\n\n2024 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由 2 位得主共享，加里·鲁夫昆占其中 1/2 份，官方获奖理由（官方原文）：“for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”[^s1]。获奖时所属机构为 Massachusetts General Hospital，所在地为波士顿（美国）[^s1]。\n\n## 参见\n\n[[work_nobel_prize_2024|2024 年诺贝尔奖]]、[[concept_nobel_prize|诺贝尔奖]]",
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