{ "contentStorage": "postgres", "title": "熱門", "description": "有訪問統計時按近 7 日瀏覽量排序；尚無統計時優先展示熱門/精選標籤，再按關係數量排序。", "url": "/zh-hant/hot-420.html", "entities": [ { "id": "place_us_al_perdido_beach", "type": "place", "title": "Perdido Beach", "slug": "al-perdido-beach", "summary": "Perdido Beach（Perdido Beach）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 581。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:17+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nPerdido Beach（Perdido Beach）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_baldwin_county|鲍德温县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 581[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：30.3408, -87.5050", "url": "/places/al-perdido-beach.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 30.34076, "longitude": -87.50498 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Perdido Beach" }, { "id": "place_us_al_midway", "type": "place", "title": "Midway", "slug": "al-midway", "summary": "Midway（Midway）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 488。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:08+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:45+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nMidway（Midway）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_bullock_county|布洛克县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 488[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.0771, -85.5222", "url": "/places/al-midway.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.0771, "longitude": -85.52217 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Midway" }, { "id": "place_us_al_louisville", "type": "place", "title": "Louisville", "slug": "al-louisville", "summary": "Louisville（Louisville）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 487。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:05+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nLouisville（Louisville）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_barbour_county|巴伯县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 487[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：31.7835, -85.5558", "url": "/places/al-louisville.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.7835, "longitude": -85.55578 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Louisville" }, { "id": "place_us_al_irondale", "type": "place", "title": "艾昂戴尔", "slug": "al-irondale", "aliases": [ "Irondale" ], "summary": "艾昂戴尔（Irondale）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城市，人口约 12,423。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:44:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n艾昂戴尔（Irondale）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_jefferson_county|杰斐逊县]]境内下辖的城市，人口约 12,423[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.5382, -86.7072", "url": "/places/al-irondale.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.53816, "longitude": -86.70721 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 艾昂戴尔" }, { "id": "place_us_al_detroit", "type": "place", "title": "Detroit", "slug": "al-detroit", "summary": "Detroit（Detroit）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的村，人口约 227。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nDetroit（Detroit）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_lamar_county|拉马尔县]]境内下辖的村，人口约 227[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：34.0282, -88.1700", "url": "/places/al-detroit.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "village", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.02816, "longitude": -88.17004 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Detroit" }, { "id": "place_us_al_choccolocco", "type": "place", "title": "巧克洛可", "slug": "al-choccolocco", "aliases": [ "Choccolocco" ], "summary": "巧克洛可（Choccolocco）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城镇，人口约 2,804。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:19+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n巧克洛可（Choccolocco）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_calhoun_county|卡尔霍恩县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 2,804[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.6593, -85.7036", "url": "/places/al-choccolocco.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.65927, "longitude": -85.70357 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 巧克洛可" }, { "id": "place_us_al_blue_ridge", "type": "place", "title": "Blue Ridge", "slug": "al-blue-ridge", "summary": "Blue Ridge（Blue Ridge）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的城镇，人口约 1,341。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:43:32+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T11:41:14+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\nBlue Ridge（Blue Ridge）是美国[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]，位于[[place_us_al_elmore_county|埃尔莫尔县]]境内下辖的城镇，人口约 1,341[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.4926, -86.1905", "url": "/places/al-blue-ridge.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "town", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.49264, "longitude": -86.19052 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · Blue Ridge" }, { "id": "place_us_or_harney_county", "type": "place", "title": "哈尼县", "slug": "or-harney-county", "aliases": [ "Harney County" ], "summary": "哈尼县（Harney County）是美国俄勒冈州下辖的县，人口约 7,575。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:57+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:32+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n哈尼县（Harney County）是美国[[place_us_or|俄勒冈州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 or025，人口约 7,575[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：43.0640, -118.9679\n- 时区：America/Los_Angeles", "url": "/places/or-harney-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.06402, "longitude": -118.96787 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄勒冈州 · 哈尼县" }, { "id": "place_us_ut_carbon_county", "type": "place", "title": "卡本县", "slug": "ut-carbon-county", "aliases": [ "Carbon County" ], "summary": "卡本县（Carbon County）是美国犹他州下辖的县，人口约 20,412。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:38+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:34:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n卡本县（Carbon County）是美国[[place_us_ut|犹他州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ut007，人口约 20,412[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：39.6482, -110.5890\n- 时区：America/Denver", "url": "/places/ut-carbon-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.64817, "longitude": -110.58898 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 犹他州 · 卡本县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_armstrong_county", "type": "place", "title": "阿姆斯特朗县", "slug": "tx-armstrong-county", "aliases": [ "Armstrong County" ], "summary": "阿姆斯特朗县（Armstrong County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 1,848。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:30+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:59+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n阿姆斯特朗县（Armstrong County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx011，人口约 1,848[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：34.9649, -101.3574\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-armstrong-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.96493, "longitude": -101.3574 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 阿姆斯特朗县" }, { "id": "place_us_nm_grant_county", "type": "place", "title": "格兰特县", "slug": "nm-grant-county", "aliases": [ "Grant County" ], "summary": "格兰特县（Grant County）是美国新墨西哥州下辖的县，人口约 29,514。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:27+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n格兰特县（Grant County）是美国[[place_us_nm|新墨西哥州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 nm017，人口约 29,514[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.7390, -108.3822\n- 时区：America/Denver", "url": "/places/nm-grant-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.73901, "longitude": -108.38225 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 新墨西哥州 · 格兰特县" }, { "id": "place_us_ca_napa_county", "type": "place", "title": "纳帕县", "slug": "ca-napa-county", "aliases": [ "Napa County" ], "summary": "纳帕县（Napa County）是美国加利福尼亚州下辖的县，人口约 136,484。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:20:16+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:33:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n纳帕县（Napa County）是美国[[place_us_ca|加利福尼亚州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ca055，人口约 136,484[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：38.5065, -122.3305\n- 时区：America/Los_Angeles", "url": "/places/ca-napa-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.50647, "longitude": -122.33053 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 加利福尼亚州 · 纳帕县" }, { "id": "place_us_mn_le_sueur_county", "type": "place", "title": "勒苏尔县", "slug": "mn-le-sueur-county", "aliases": [ "Le Sueur County" ], "summary": "勒苏尔县（Le Sueur County）是美国明尼苏达州下辖的县，人口约 27,703。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:27:36+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:53+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n勒苏尔县（Le Sueur County）是美国[[place_us_mn|明尼苏达州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 mn079，人口约 27,703[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：44.3714, -93.7301\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/mn-le-sueur-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.37143, "longitude": -93.73008 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 明尼苏达州 · 勒苏尔县" }, { "id": "place_us_mn_dodge_county", "type": "place", "title": "道奇县", "slug": "mn-dodge-county", "aliases": [ "Dodge County" ], "summary": "道奇县（Dodge County）是美国明尼苏达州下辖的县，人口约 20,935。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:19:20+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:49+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n道奇县（Dodge County）是美国[[place_us_mn|明尼苏达州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 mn039，人口约 20,935[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：44.0226, -92.8620\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/mn-dodge-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.02259, "longitude": -92.86205 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 明尼苏达州 · 道奇县" }, { "id": "place_us_mi_mackinac_county", "type": "place", "title": "麦基诺县", "slug": "mi-mackinac-county", "aliases": [ "Mackinac County" ], "summary": "麦基诺县（Mackinac County）是美国密歇根州下辖的县，人口约 10,834。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:19:14+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:32:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n麦基诺县（Mackinac County）是美国[[place_us_mi|密歇根州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 mi097，人口约 10,834[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：45.8718, -84.7623\n- 时区：America/Detroit", "url": "/places/mi-mackinac-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 45.87184, "longitude": -84.76227 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密歇根州 · 麦基诺县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_robertson_county", "type": "place", "title": "罗伯森县", "slug": "tx-robertson-county", "aliases": [ "Robertson County" ], "summary": "罗伯森县（Robertson County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 16,757。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:28+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:54+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n罗伯森县（Robertson County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx395，人口约 16,757[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：31.0270, -96.5128\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-robertson-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 31.02704, "longitude": -96.51279 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 罗伯森县" }, { "id": "place_us_tx_erath_county", "type": "place", "title": "伊拉斯县", "slug": "tx-erath-county", "aliases": [ "Erath County" ], "summary": "伊拉斯县（Erath County）是美国得克萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 42,545。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:19+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:44+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n伊拉斯县（Erath County）是美国[[place_us_tx|得克萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tx143，人口约 42,545[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.2363, -98.2180\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tx-erath-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.23626, "longitude": -98.21797 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 得克萨斯州 · 伊拉斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_tn_lewis_county", "type": "place", "title": "刘易斯县", "slug": "tn-lewis-county", "aliases": [ "Lewis County" ], "summary": "刘易斯县（Lewis County）是美国田纳西州下辖的县，人口约 12,582。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:18:09+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:35+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n刘易斯县（Lewis County）是美国[[place_us_tn|田纳西州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 tn101，人口约 12,582[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：35.5273, -87.4931\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/tn-lewis-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 35.52728, "longitude": -87.4931 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 田纳西州 · 刘易斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_ok_johnston_county", "type": "place", "title": "约翰斯顿县", "slug": "ok-johnston-county", "aliases": [ "Johnston County" ], "summary": "约翰斯顿县（Johnston County）是美国俄克拉何马州下辖的县，人口约 11,085。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:17:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:20+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n约翰斯顿县（Johnston County）是美国[[place_us_ok|俄克拉何马州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ok069，人口约 11,085[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：34.3165, -96.6607\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ok-johnston-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 34.31649, "longitude": -96.66066 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄克拉何马州 · 约翰斯顿县" }, { "id": "place_us_ms_clarke_county", "type": "place", "title": "克拉克县", "slug": "ms-clarke-county", "aliases": [ "Clarke County" ], "summary": "克拉克县（Clarke County）是美国密西西比州下辖的县，人口约 15,604。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:17:34+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n克拉克县（Clarke County）是美国[[place_us_ms|密西西比州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ms023，人口约 15,604[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：32.0414, -88.6894\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ms-clarke-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.0414, "longitude": -88.6894 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 密西西比州 · 克拉克县" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_rice_county", "type": "place", "title": "赖斯县", "slug": "ks-rice-county", "aliases": [ "Rice County" ], "summary": "赖斯县（Rice County）是美国堪萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 9,427。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:23+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n赖斯县（Rice County）是美国[[place_us_ks|堪萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ks159，人口约 9,427[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：38.3471, -98.2010\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ks-rice-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.34714, "longitude": -98.20103 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 堪萨斯州 · 赖斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_ks_chase_county", "type": "place", "title": "蔡斯县", "slug": "ks-chase-county", "aliases": [ "Chase County" ], "summary": "蔡斯县（Chase County）是美国堪萨斯州下辖的县，人口约 2,572。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:49+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:17+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n蔡斯县（Chase County）是美国[[place_us_ks|堪萨斯州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ks017，人口约 2,572[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：38.3021, -96.5939\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/ks-chase-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.30205, "longitude": -96.59393 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 堪萨斯州 · 蔡斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_in_parke_county", "type": "place", "title": "帕克县", "slug": "in-parke-county", "aliases": [ "Parke County" ], "summary": "帕克县（Parke County）是美国印第安纳州下辖的县，人口约 16,927。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:44+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n帕克县（Parke County）是美国[[place_us_in|印第安纳州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 in121，人口约 16,927[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：39.7736, -87.2064\n- 时区：America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "url": "/places/in-parke-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.77363, "longitude": -87.20636 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 印第安纳州 · 帕克县" }, { "id": "place_us_il_wayne_county", "type": "place", "title": "韦恩县", "slug": "il-wayne-county", "aliases": [ "Wayne County" ], "summary": "韦恩县（Wayne County）是美国伊利诺伊州下辖的县，人口约 16,760。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:40+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:10+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n韦恩县（Wayne County）是美国[[place_us_il|伊利诺伊州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 il191，人口约 16,760[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：38.4296, -88.4256\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-wayne-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.42956, "longitude": -88.42561 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 伊利诺伊州 · 韦恩县" }, { "id": "place_us_il_saline_county", "type": "place", "title": "萨林县", "slug": "il-saline-county", "aliases": [ "Saline County" ], "summary": "萨林县（Saline County）是美国伊利诺伊州下辖的县，人口约 23,768。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:09+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n萨林县（Saline County）是美国[[place_us_il|伊利诺伊州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 il165，人口约 23,768[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：37.7532, -88.5408\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-saline-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.75318, "longitude": -88.5408 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 伊利诺伊州 · 萨林县" }, { "id": "place_us_il_alexander_county", "type": "place", "title": "亚历山大县", "slug": "il-alexander-county", "aliases": [ "Alexander County" ], "summary": "亚历山大县（Alexander County）是美国伊利诺伊州下辖的县，人口约 8,238。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:34+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:30:04+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n亚历山大县（Alexander County）是美国[[place_us_il|伊利诺伊州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 il003，人口约 8,238[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：37.1916, -89.3376\n- 时区：America/Chicago", "url": "/places/il-alexander-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 37.1916, "longitude": -89.33764 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 伊利诺伊州 · 亚历山大县" }, { "id": "place_us_ga_putnam_county", "type": "place", "title": "普特南县", "slug": "ga-putnam-county", "aliases": [ "Putnam County" ], "summary": "普特南县（Putnam County）是美国佐治亚州下辖的县，人口约 21,809。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:29+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:58+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n普特南县（Putnam County）是美国[[place_us_ga|佐治亚州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ga237，人口约 21,809[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.3218, -83.3728\n- 时区：America/New_York", "url": "/places/ga-putnam-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.32177, "longitude": -83.37284 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佐治亚州 · 普特南县" }, { "id": "place_us_ga_jones_county", "type": "place", "title": "琼斯县", "slug": "ga-jones-county", "aliases": [ "Jones County" ], "summary": "琼斯县（Jones County）是美国佐治亚州下辖的县，人口约 28,616。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "geonames", "title": "GeoNames US dataset (US.txt / admin2Codes.txt)", "url": "https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/US.zip" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T10:16:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:29:55+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 概况\n\n琼斯县（Jones County）是美国[[place_us_ga|佐治亚州]]下辖的县，FIPS 代码 ga169，人口约 28,616[^geonames]。\n\n## 地理\n\n- 坐标：33.0251, -83.5605\n- 时区：America/New_York", "url": "/places/ga-jones-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 33.02513, "longitude": -83.56052 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 佐治亚州 · 琼斯县" }, { "id": "place_us_sd_pennington_county", "type": "place", "title": "彭宁顿县", "slug": "sd-pennington-county", "aliases": [ "Pennington County" ], "summary": "彭宁顿县（Pennington County）是美国南达科他州下辖的县，县治为拉皮德城。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "彭宁顿县（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%AE%81%E9%A1%BF%E5%8E%BF" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:21+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n彭宁顿县（Pennington County）是美国南达科他州下辖的县（county），县治为拉皮德城[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_sd|南达科他州]]\n- 县治：拉皮德城[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：县（county）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_sd|南达科他州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 100,948\n- 坐标：44.0037, -102.8238\n- FIPS 代码：sd103", "url": "/places/sd-pennington-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 44.08, "longitude": -103.23 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 南达科他州 · 彭宁顿县" }, { "id": "place_us_al_montgomery_county", "type": "place", "title": "蒙哥马利县", "slug": "al-montgomery-county", "aliases": [ "Montgomery County" ], "summary": "蒙哥马利县（Montgomery County）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的县，县治为蒙哥马利。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "蒙哥马利县（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%93%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%BF" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:01:59+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n蒙哥马利县（Montgomery County）是美国亚拉巴马州下辖的县（county），县治为蒙哥马利[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]\n- 县治：蒙哥马利[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：县（county）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_al|亚拉巴马州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 227,434\n- 坐标：32.2203, -86.2076\n- FIPS 代码：al101", "url": "/places/al-montgomery-county.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "county", "coordinates": { "latitude": 32.2203, "longitude": -86.2072 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 亚拉巴马州 · 蒙哥马利县" }, { "id": "place_us_ny_syracuse", "type": "place", "title": "锡拉丘兹", "slug": "ny-syracuse", "aliases": [ "Syracuse" ], "summary": "锡拉丘兹（Syracuse）是美国纽约州的市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "锡拉丘兹（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%98%E5%85%B9" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:39+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n锡拉丘兹（Syracuse）是美国纽约州的市（city）[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_ny|纽约州]]\n- 所在县：奥农达加县[^zhwiki]\n- 人口：约145,000（2023年估计）[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：市（city）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_ny|纽约州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 144,142\n- 坐标：43.0481, -76.1474", "url": "/places/ny-syracuse.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 43.0481, "longitude": -76.1474 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 纽约州 · 锡拉丘兹" }, { "id": "place_us_oh_columbus", "type": "place", "title": "哥伦布", "slug": "oh-columbus", "aliases": [ "Columbus" ], "summary": "哥伦布（Columbus）是美国俄亥俄州的市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "哥伦布（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:40+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:11+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n哥伦布（Columbus）是美国俄亥俄州的市（city）[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_oh|俄亥俄州]]\n- 所在县：富兰克林县[^zhwiki]\n- 人口：约913,175（2023年估计）[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：市（city）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_oh|俄亥俄州]]。\n\n## 下级行政区\n\n主要社区：[[place_us_oh_columbus_short_north|短北区]]、[[place_us_oh_columbus_german_village|德国村]]、[[place_us_oh_columbus_arena_district|竞技场区]]、[[place_us_oh_columbus_clintonville|克林顿维尔]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 913,175\n- 坐标：39.9612, -82.9988", "url": "/places/oh-columbus.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 39.9612, "longitude": -82.9988 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 俄亥俄州 · 哥伦布" }, { "id": "place_us_ky_lexington", "type": "place", "title": "列克星敦", "slug": "ky-lexington", "aliases": [ "Lexington" ], "summary": "列克星敦（Lexington）是美国肯塔基州的市。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-admin-division" ], "sources": [ { "id": "zhwiki", "title": "列克星敦（维基百科）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E6%98%9F%E6%95%A6" }, { "id": "uscb2023", "title": "U.S. Census Bureau 2023 州与县 FIPS 代码", "url": "https://www.census.gov/library/reference/code-lists/ansi.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-29T03:02:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-29T10:15:08+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 4, "body": "## 行政区划\n\n列克星敦（Lexington）是美国肯塔基州的市（city）[^uscb2023]。\n\n## 基本信息\n\n- 所属州：[[place_us_ky|肯塔基州]]\n- 所在县：费耶特县[^zhwiki]\n- 人口：约323,000（2023年估计）[^uscb2023]\n- 行政级别：市（city）[^uscb2023]\n\n## 上级行政区\n\n位于[[place_us_ky|肯塔基州]]。\n\n## 核实数据（GeoNames）\n\n- 人口：约 320,347\n- 坐标：37.9887, -84.4777", "url": "/places/ky-lexington.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "placeKind": "city", "coordinates": { "latitude": 38.0406, "longitude": -84.5037 }, "adminArea": "美国 · 肯塔基州 · 列克星敦" }, { "id": "place_beijing_majiapu_east_road", "type": "place", "title": "马家堡东路", "slug": "beijing-majiapu-east-road", "summary": "马家堡东路是北京市政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及的道路。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-geography" ], "tags": [ "tag-modern-china" ], "sources": [ { "id": "official", "title": "北京市人民政府公报2010年第16期", "author": "北京市人民政府办公厅", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zfgb/lsgb/201905/W020191122328562973175.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-27T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "北京市人民政府2010年架空缆线入地整治通告提及马家堡东路；通告中作为整治范围或相关范围边界的具体表述及适用期限，以官方公报原文为准。[^official]", "url": "/places/beijing-majiapu-east-road.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "placeKind": "道路" }, { "id": "concept_vernacular", "type": "concept", "title": "白话文", "slug": "vernacular-chinese", "aliases": [ "白话", "Vernacular Chinese" ], "summary": "以口语为基础形成的书面表达形式，与文言文相对而又有历史联系。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-literature" ], "tags": [ "tag-literature", "tag-education" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "白话文（维基百科，示例参考入口）", "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/白话文" } ], "createdAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-10-24T00:00:00+08:00", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概念范围\n\n白话文是书面表达形式，其历史不限于20世纪。近现代文学革新使白话写作获得新的发展。\n\n## 作品例证\n\n[[work_diary|狂人日记]]和[[work_changshi|尝试集]]可作为不同文体的阅读例子。", "url": "/concepts/vernacular-chinese.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh", "en" ], "conceptKind": "term", "scopeNote": "本示例主要讨论近现代文学与教育中的白话文。", "relatedTerms": [ "文言文", "白话文学", "国语" ] }, { "id": "person_terrence_olliverre", "type": "person", "title": "特伦斯·奥利韦尔", "slug": "terrence-olliverre", "aliases": [ "Terrence Olliverre" ], "summary": "特伦斯·奥利韦尔（Terrence Olliverre）是圣文森特和格林纳丁斯政治人物，2025年12月2日起任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，2026年11月仍在任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "搜索之光报：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯新内阁宣誓就职（2025-12-03）", "url": "https://www.searchlight.vc/news/2025/12/03/new-cabinet-takes-office-st-vincent-grenadines/" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "目击者新闻：17人内阁宣誓，部分分工引疑问（2025-12-04）", "url": "https://www.iwnsvg.com/2025/12/04/questions-about-some-portfolios-as-17-member-cabinet-sworn-in/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:32:52+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:32:52+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n特伦斯·奥利韦尔（Terrence Olliverre）是圣文森特和格林纳丁斯政治人物，2025年12月2日起任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，2026年11月仍在任。\n\n## 早年与教育\n未详。公开资料未见其出生年月与早年教育经历。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n2025年11月27日大选中当选议员，同年12月2日出任高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长，该部将高等教育与格林纳丁斯发展、交通枢纽职能合并。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n主管高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务与地方政府事务；具体事迹与主张公开资料未详。\n\n## 现任职务\n2026年11月在任：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯高等教育、格林纳丁斯事务、地方政府、机场与海港部长。\n\n## 来源\n[^1] 搜索之光报：圣文森特和格林纳丁斯新内阁宣誓就职（2025-12-03）。\n[^2] 目击者新闻：17人内阁宣誓，部分分工引疑问（2025-12-04）。", "url": "/people/terrence-olliverre.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物", "部长" ] }, { "id": "organization_belize_ministry_of_infrastructure_development_and_housing", "type": "organization", "title": "伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部", "slug": "belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Housing" ], "summary": "伯利兹政府组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房事务。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-07-14更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/belize/" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿（总理府，2026-10-06）", "url": "https://www.pressoffice.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Oct-6-PR249-26-Cabinet-Adjustments-Announced.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:25:03+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n伯利兹基础设施发展与住房部是伯利兹政府的组成部门，主管基础设施建设与住房发展。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责伯利兹基建与住房事务。2025年3月，朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特出任该部部长，此后留任；2026年内政部代理事务结束后，他回归专任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n规划与建设道路、桥梁等公共基础设施；发展保障性住房；管理政府工程项目。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设基础设施、住房等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：朱利叶斯·埃斯帕特（2025年3月就任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都贝尔莫潘，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n伯利兹领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》）；伯利兹内阁调整新闻稿。", "url": "/organizations/belize-ministry-of-infrastructure-development-and-housing.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_barbados_ministry_of_innovation_industry_science_and_technology", "type": "organization", "title": "巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部", "slug": "barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Innovation, Industry, Science and Technology" ], "summary": "巴巴多斯政府组成部门，主管创新、工业发展与科技政策。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科，2026年2月12日大选后组成）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barbados" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴巴多斯新内阁名单（Barbados Today，2026-02-16）", "url": "https://barbadostoday.bb/2026/02/16/new-ministerial-team-to-deliver-on-accountability-performance/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴巴多斯创新、工业、科学与技术部是巴巴多斯政府的组成部门，主管技术创新、工业发展与科学政策。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责巴巴多斯创新与工业事务。2026年2月，乔纳森·里德留任该部部长。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定创新与科技政策；扶持工业发展与制造业；推动数字化转型与科研合作。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由部长领导，下设创新、工业与科技等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：乔纳森·里德（2026年2月留任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都布里奇顿，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科）；Barbados Today 2026年2月内阁报道。", "url": "/organizations/barbados-ministry-of-innovation-industry-science-and-technology.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_barbados_ministry_of_transport_and_works", "type": "organization", "title": "巴巴多斯交通与工程部", "slug": "barbados-ministry-of-transport-and-works", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Transport and Works" ], "summary": "巴巴多斯政府组成部门，主管交通运输与公共工程。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科，2026年2月12日大选后组成）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barbados" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴巴多斯新内阁名单（Barbados Today，2026-02-16）", "url": "https://barbadostoday.bb/2026/02/16/new-ministerial-team-to-deliver-on-accountability-performance/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:37+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:18:37+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴巴多斯交通与工程部是巴巴多斯政府的组成部门，主管交通运输、道路建设与公共工程。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n该部长期负责巴巴多斯交通与工程事务。2026年2月，柯克·汉弗莱留任该部部长，并晋升高级部长，统筹基础设施项目。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定交通政策；建设与维护道路、桥梁等基础设施；管理公共交通与工程项目。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n该部由高级部长领导，下设交通、工程等业务部门，具体内设机构未详。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n部长：柯克·汉弗莱（高级部长兼任，2026年2月留任）。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部位于首都布里奇顿，具体地址未详。\n\n## 来源\n\n巴巴多斯内阁（英文维基百科）；Barbados Today 2026年2月内阁报道。", "url": "/organizations/barbados-ministry-of-transport-and-works.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_fred_mitchell", "type": "person", "title": "弗雷德·米切尔", "slug": "fred-mitchell", "aliases": [ "Fred Mitchell" ], "summary": "巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长，2021年9月起任职，2026年5月连任留任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "巴哈马领导人与内阁成员（美国中情局《世界领导人》，2026-06-30更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/bahamas-the" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "巴哈马内阁名单与分工（Tribune242，2026-05-18）", "url": "http://www.tribune242.com/news/2026/may/18/cabinet-line-up-changes-and-appointments-announced/" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "巴哈马内阁分工政府公报（2026-0064，2026-05-19）", "url": "https://laws.bahamas.gov.bs/cms/images/LEGISLATION/GAZETTES/2026/2026-0064/2026-0064.pdf" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T17:14:40+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "弗雷德·米切尔（Fred Mitchell）是巴哈马政治人物，现任外交与移民部长。出生年月与教育背景未详。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n米切尔早年学习法律，长期从事律师与政治工作。出生年月与毕业院校未详。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n米切尔曾任众议院议员，2002年至2007年、2012年至2017年两度任外交部长。2021年9月戴维斯政府上台后，他第三度出任外交部长。2026年5月大选后留任，职衔改为外交与移民部长。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n任外交部长期间主管巴哈马对外关系、加勒比共同体事务与移民政策，多次代表巴哈马出席联合国大会与加共体会议。\n\n## 现任职务\n\n巴哈马外交与移民部长，2021年9月就任，2026年5月留任至今。\n\n## 来源\n\n美国中情局《世界领导人》巴哈马页；Tribune242 2026年5月内阁报道；巴哈马内阁分工政府公报。", "url": "/people/fred-mitchell.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "occupations": [ "政治人物", "巴哈马外交与移民部长" ] }, { "id": "organization_lesotho_environment", "type": "organization", "title": "莱索托环境与林业部", "slug": "lesotho-environment", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Environment and Forestry" ], "summary": "莱索托环境与林业部是莱索托政府主管环境保护与林业的部门，现任部长为塔博·莫福西，总部位于马塞卢。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s-ls-cia", "title": "Lesotho — World Leaders（美国中央情报局，2026-06-05更新）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/lesotho/" }, { "id": "s-ls-reshuffle", "title": "Lesotho cabinet reshuffle takes effect as two ministers released（2026-04-29改组）", "url": "https://swazi24.com/45026/news/politics/lesotho-cabinet-reshuffle-takes-effect-as-two-ministers-released/" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T16:45:56+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n莱索托环境与林业部（Ministry of Environment and Forestry）是莱索托政府主管环境保护、森林管理与气候变化的部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n由原环境与林业相关职能整合设立，负责应对水土流失与气候变化挑战。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定环境与气候政策；管理森林资源与水土保持；负责环境影响评价与自然保护。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi）；下设环境、林业等分支。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：塔博·莫福西（Thabo Mofosi），2026年4月29日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：莱索托马塞卢。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/lesotho-environment.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "person_kevin_farrell", "type": "person", "title": "凯文·法雷尔", "slug": "kevin-farrell", "aliases": [ "Kevin Joseph Farrell", "法雷尔" ], "summary": "梵蒂冈政治人物，现任梵蒂冈总司库，2019年2月14日就任。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wiki-kevin-farrell-cardinal", "title": "Kevin Farrell (cardinal)（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Farrell_(cardinal)" }, { "id": "vapope", "title": "利奥十四世2025年5月8日当选教宗、帕罗林留任国务卿（综合：梵蒂冈新闻办公室2026年10月29日公报；1news 2026-10-17）", "url": "https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2026/10/29/261029c.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T16:06:48+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T16:06:48+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "凯文·法雷尔（Kevin Farrell），1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林，梵蒂冈政治人物，现任梵蒂冈总司库。\n\n## 早年与教育\n\n法雷尔1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林，1978年晋铎，长期在美国达拉斯教区工作。\n\n## 职业与从政经历\n\n曾任达拉斯教区辅理主教、主教；2016年任圣座平信徒、家庭和生命部部长并晋升枢机；2019年2月出任总司库。\n\n## 主要事迹与主张\n\n任总司库期间主管宗座空缺期行政，2025年4月21日方济各教宗去世后主持空缺期事务，直至利奥十四世当选。\n\n## 现任职务\n\n梵蒂冈总司库，2019年2月14日就任至今；教宗出缺期间代管圣座行政与宗座空缺期事务。\n\n## 来源\n\nKevin Farrell (cardinal)（英文维基百科）；利奥十四世2025年5月8日当选教宗、帕罗林留任国务卿（综合：梵蒂冈新闻办公室2026年10月29日公报；1news 2026-10-17）。", "url": "/people/kevin-farrell.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "birth": { "year": 1947, "display": "1947年9月2日生于爱尔兰都柏林" }, "occupations": [ "政治人物", "梵蒂冈总司库" ] }, { "id": "organization_pakistan_defence", "type": "organization", "title": "巴基斯坦国防部", "slug": "pakistan-defence", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Defence" ], "summary": "巴基斯坦国防部是巴基斯坦政府主管国防事务的部门，现任部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫，总部位于拉瓦尔品第。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "src-pak-cabinet", "title": "Second Shehbaz Sharif government（维基百科，第二届夏巴兹·谢里夫内阁）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Shehbaz_Sharif_government" }, { "id": "src-cia-pak", "title": "Pakistan — World Leaders（美国中央情报局）", "url": "https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/pakistan" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:18+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n\n巴基斯坦国防部（Ministry of Defence）是巴基斯坦政府主管国防政策与武装力量行政管理的联邦部门。\n\n## 历史沿革\n\n1947年独立时设立；总部设于拉瓦尔品第，与陆军总部毗邻。\n\n## 主要职能\n\n制定国防政策与国防预算；管理三军行政事务；负责国防生产与军事采购；协调三军与文职政府关系。\n\n## 组织结构\n\n部长为卡瓦贾·阿西夫；下设国防秘书领导的秘书处；辖三军总部、国防生产机构与军事土地管理部门。\n\n## 现任负责人\n\n现任部长：卡瓦贾·阿西夫（Khawaja Asif），2024年3月11日至今任职。\n\n## 总部与联系方式\n\n总部：巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第卡尔瓦尔路国防部大楼。\n\n## 来源\n\n详见本条目来源列表。", "url": "/organizations/pakistan-defence.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "organization_indonesia_ministry_of_agriculture", "type": "organization", "title": "印度尼西亚农业部", "slug": "indonesia-ministry-of-agriculture", "aliases": [ "Ministry of Agriculture", "Kementerian Pertanian" ], "summary": "印度尼西亚政府主管农业事务的部门，1945年设立，负责粮食生产、农业发展与农民扶持，总部位于雅加达。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "印度尼西亚农业部（英文维基百科）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Indonesia)" }, { "id": "cabwiki", "title": "红白内阁（英文维基百科，2026年11月4日抓取）", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_White_Cabinet" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:15+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-05T15:17:15+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 概述\n印度尼西亚农业部是印度尼西亚政府主管农业事务的部门，1945年设立，负责粮食生产、种植业、畜牧业与农业基础设施建设，总部位于雅加达。\n## 历史沿革\n1945年印度尼西亚独立后设立农业部，长期主管粮食自给与农业发展。普拉博沃政府把粮食自给列为优先施政目标，农业部地位进一步提升。\n## 主要职能\n- 制定农业政策，推动粮食增产与粮食自给。\n- 管理种植业、畜牧业与农业基础设施。\n- 负责化肥、种子供应与农业技术推广。\n- 扶持农民合作社与农业产业化。\n## 组织结构\n农业部下设秘书处、粮食作物总司、园艺总司、畜牧与动物卫生总司、农业基础设施与设施总司等机构。\n## 现任负责人\n部长安迪·阿姆兰·苏莱曼（2024年10月21日就任），此前在佐科政府任农业部长。\n## 总部与联系方式\n总部位于印度尼西亚雅加达南区拉古南哈索诺路3号。联系方式未详。\n## 来源\n英文维基百科“Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia)”条目；英文维基百科“Red and White Cabinet”条目。", "url": "/organizations/indonesia-ministry-of-agriculture.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "orgKind": "政府机构" }, { "id": "ich_folk_33", "type": "work", "title": "永定河传说", "slug": "yongdinghe-chuanshuo", "summary": "流传于北京永定河沿岸的传说群，以母亲河为背景，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录（民间文学，编号Ⅰ-33）。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ss1", "title": "国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2008/content_1025937.htm" }, { "id": "ss2", "title": "北京文旅：永定河，一条古老大河的涅槃", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/47QlMuRdW8t" }, { "id": "ss3", "title": "凤凰网：“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展", "url": "https://feng.ifeng.com/c/8xM1BRyLAu8" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:48:42+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n永定河传说是流传于北京市永定河沿岸的民间传说群。永定河被称为北京的母亲河，在北京地区自西北向东南蜿蜒约一百七十公里，流经门头沟、石景山、丰台等区，沿岸百姓围绕这条大河创作并传讲了众多传说，列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，民间文学类，编号Ⅰ-33。[^s1]\n\n## 历史渊源\n永定河上游称桑干河、洋河，历史上水势桀骜、屡屡泛滥，沿岸人民在治水、防洪、引水灌溉的长期实践中积累了丰富的经验与记忆，也生发出与河神、桥梁、渡口、村落由来有关的传说。永定河流域上游的涿鹿地区还是黄帝、炎帝与蚩尤传说的流传地，使这条河流的传说传统格外深厚。[^s2]\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n永定河传说是一个传说群而非单一故事，题材包括治水防洪、建桥修渠、寺庙村落的由来等，故事多系于沿岸具体的河段、桥梁与地名。近年来在石景山功碑阁举办的“永定河传说”数字文化艺术展，即从中精选了四十个代表性故事加以呈现，可见这一传说群内容之丰富。[^s3]传说语言质朴，寄托了沿岸百姓对母亲河的敬畏与亲近。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n永定河传说已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。北京市有关区通过展览、出版与流域文化活动等方式整理传播这一传说群，永定河文化带建设也为传说传统的保护提供了新的平台，沿岸的传说讲述仍在社区与学校中延续。[^s1]", "url": "/works/yongdinghe-chuanshuo.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "other" }, { "id": "work_ich_ii_179", "type": "work", "title": "甘州小调", "slug": "ii-179-gan-zhou-xiao-diao", "summary": "甘州小调是流传于甘肃省张掖市甘州区的民间音乐，项目编号Ⅱ-179，2021年入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "“甘州小调”话古今 - 张掖市人民政府", "url": "https://www.zhangye.gov.cn/szb/dzdt/gjzy/202603/t20260331_1526104.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录", "url": "https://fyzx.hsu.edu.cn/47/0d/c4609a214797/page.htm" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:28:54+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:46:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 2, "body": "## 简介\n\n甘州小调是流传于张掖及其周边地区的民间音乐形式，是张掖本土音乐代表之一，项目编号Ⅱ-179，类别为传统音乐，2021年入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，申报地区为甘肃省张掖市甘州区，保护单位为甘州区文化馆[^s1][^s2]。作为发源于祁连山下、丝路古道、河西走廊的传统说唱艺术，它是劳动人民长期认识自然、改造自然中创造的民间艺术瑰宝。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n甘州小调的形成与发展，与丝绸之路文化交流紧密交织，与河西走廊经济社会变迁密切相关，历经多个重要历史阶段的淬炼和演变。据考证，甘州小调的雏形可以追溯到东灰山人的音乐；公元4至5世纪时，北凉王沮渠蒙逊吸收龟兹、胡羌及汉族音乐，创造了《秦汉乐》，后又改编为《西凉乐》；唐朝时《西凉乐》进一步发展，成为宫廷“十部乐”的主要曲目之一，后发展成《甘州大曲》，从《甘州大曲》又演变出后来的甘州小调。清末，甘州小调已逐步形成固定曲目，积累曲目达200余首。清末至民国时期，河西走廊历经战乱，传统社火、节庆活动大幅减少，甘州小调的传承链濒临断裂，《倒卷珠帘》《绣荷包》等部分稀有曲牌的古谱失传。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n甘州小调是深受当地群众喜闻乐见的音乐演唱形式，演唱时通常由乐队伴奏，多人演唱，可以走乡串村、沿街就地演唱，也可以由一人弹唱。题材扩展至爱情、劳动、劝善、时政等领域，语言朴实幽默，成为岁时节庆、婚丧嫁娶中不可或缺的文化载体，堪称河西民间文化的“百科全书”。其领唱、对唱、即兴编词等元素融入小调，内容更具生活气息；移民与商业活动带来的秦腔、眉户等戏曲元素，也进一步丰富了小调的唱腔和表演形式，成为丝绸之路文化交流的活态见证。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n甘州小调2008年被列入甘肃省第二批省级非遗名录，2021年5月24日入选第五批国家级非物质文化遗产项目。目前，挖掘、收集和整理的甘州小调词谱有200多首，各级传承人62人，但真正掌握完整曲目和表演技艺的核心传承人不足15人；随着庙会、婚丧仪式、农耕庆典等传统表演载体日益减少，甘州小调活态传承与发展进入困境。当地通过专题培训、传习所建设和词谱整理等方式推进保护，如何解决传承人断代问题、实现守正创新，是当前面临的严峻挑战。", "url": "/works/ii-179-gan-zhou-xiao-diao.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "workKind": "music" }, { "id": "concept_ich_8_180", "type": "concept", "title": "窑洞营造技艺", "slug": "yao-dong-ying-zao-ji-yi", "summary": "窑洞营造技艺是黄土高原特有的窑洞民居营造技艺，包括靠崖式、下沉式等多种样式。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "项目页 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14685/", "locator": "项目编号与项目介绍" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:47+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:38:47+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n窑洞营造技艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅷ-180，于2008年列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，属传统技艺类。[^s1]窑洞是黄土高原特有的一种民居形式，是人类早期穴居发展演变的实物遗存，广泛流布于山西、陕西、甘肃等地。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n窑洞营造依托黄土高原的自然条件：黄土一般长达一二百米、极难渗水、直立性很强，为窑洞提供了良好的自然条件；同时，干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、树木较少等自然地理状况，也为经济实用、不需木材的窑洞营造技艺提供了发展和延续的契机。[^s1]山西省平陆县的窑洞称为“地窨院”，又称“地坑院”“天井窑院”“下沉式窑院”等，其营造技艺距今已有四千余年的历史；陕北窑洞、地坑院等扩展项目则显示了这一技艺在不同地区的延续。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n窑洞在不同自然环境、地貌特征和地方风土的影响下，形成了各种不同的样式。[^s1]根据建筑的布局结构形式划分，主要有明庄窑、土坑窑、独立式窑洞、靠崖式窑洞、下沉式窑洞等；平顶式窑洞是在平地上用土坯或砖石垒砌而成。地坑院依不同用途可分为居住窑、储存窑、牲畜窑、茅厕窑及门洞窑等，院落下沉于地面之下，既节省耕地，又冬暖夏凉，体现了先民因地制宜的生存智慧。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n窑洞营造技艺以师徒与家族传承为主，平陆县文化馆、延安市宝塔区文化馆等保护单位负责传习。[^s1]随着农村居住条件改善，新建窑洞减少，传统营造的实践机会相应减少；近年来，各地通过窑洞民居保护、民俗展示与修缮工程，使靠崖窑、地坑院的营造技术在保护性修复中得到延续。", "url": "/concepts/yao-dong-ying-zao-ji-yi.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "other" }, { "id": "concept_shahe_tengpaizhen", "type": "concept", "title": "沙河藤牌阵", "slug": "shahe-tengpaizhen", "summary": "沙河藤牌阵是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（编号Ⅵ-13），申报地区为河北省沙河市，是仅存于沙河市十里铺村的古代战场实战技击项目。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ihchina", "title": "沙河藤牌阵 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/13804.html" }, { "id": "visitbeijing", "title": "非遗文化 | 藤牌阵 - 北京旅游网", "url": "https://www.visitbeijing.com.cn/article/4GlJfSUdZFX" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:36:33+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:36:33+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n沙河藤牌阵是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅵ-13，类别为传统体育、游艺与杂技，2006年列入第一批国家级名录，申报地区为河北省沙河市，保护单位为邢台经济开发区沙河城镇十里铺村村民委员会。藤牌阵是我国古代战场实战技击项目，如今仅存于我国河北省沙河市十里铺村，当地人称之为打藤牌。\n\n## 历史渊源\n沙河藤牌阵历史悠久，传说明末，李自成军队从北京溃败南退，其中有一人秘密逃遁十里铺村，将藤牌阵传授给村民，用以护村、防身，并留下只传男，不传女，传里不传外的训诫。三百多年来，村民遵循训诫，将藤牌阵代代相传，至今已传承十二代，经常习练者达二百余人，在当地，藤牌阵现已被列入小学体育课程。十里铺古称食膳铺，是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴厚重的村落，村中央的大街是古御道。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n藤牌开战时，由战鼓指挥，大筛锣、铙、镲、钹辅助烘托。表演阵法时，攻守方每队最少4人，藤牌兵左手执藤牌，右手执短刀，与4名攥三齿叉、大片刀、长矛或木棍者按阵法轮番打斗。实战时藤牌阵法变化无穷，常见的有一字长蛇阵、八卦连环阵、梅花五方阵、四门迷魂阵、八门穿心阵等，阵容可随实战需要扩大到成千上万人。编制好的藤牌形如锅盖，外鼓内凹，大约80公分，凹的一面安把手，鼓的一面则罩上生牛皮，画上虎头符，古时编制藤牌用的是藤，现在使用的则是荆条，牌面也换成了帆布，画上虎头，罩在外边。打藤牌的武器，除了藤牌之外，还有短刀，三齿刀，红缨枪和长木棍等，在制作上，这些兵器都保留了原始的工艺。习练藤牌阵分为基本功和阵法练习两个步骤，阵法规模有8路牌，12路牌，16路牌，24路牌，其中8个人操练是最基础的阵法。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n沙河藤牌阵的传承长期受只传男、不传女、传里不传外的训诫限制，代表性传承人胡道正是其中的代表。列入国家级名录后，十里铺村村民委员会作为保护单位，通过小学体育课程、村内习练与对外展演推动传承，使这一北方仅存的古代兵法实战技术在当代继续存续。传承的挑战在于训诫带来的传承面狭窄与青年习练者的培养，需要在尊重传统的同时逐步扩大传承群体。", "url": "/concepts/shahe-tengpaizhen.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "concept_piyi", "type": "concept", "title": "皮艺", "slug": "piyi", "summary": "皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（Ⅶ-139），子项为蒙古族皮艺，以内蒙古12个盟市为主要分布区域的蒙古高原传统手工艺。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "皮艺（蒙古族皮艺） - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/23554.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:27:41+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n皮艺是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅶ-139，类别为传统美术，2021年列入第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录[^s1]。主要子项为内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的蒙古族皮艺，保护单位为呼和浩特市文化艺术研究院（呼和浩特市非物质文化遗产保护中心）[^s1]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n蒙古族皮艺是蒙古高原居民喜闻乐见、经常运用的一种传统手工艺文化表现形式，历史悠久。在古代，动物皮因轻便、耐磨、防潮，成为游牧民族抵御严寒、防护伪装的生活必需品；清代康熙年间，大批汉族民众移居到草原，使草原文化中开始融入农耕文化因素，在两种文化的共同推进和相互作用下，多元素的皮艺生活用具开始出现[^s1]。其分布较为广泛，以内蒙古自治区的12个盟市为主要分布区域，在陕西、西藏、新疆、青海乃至海外其他国家和地区亦有分布[^s1]。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n蒙古族皮艺选材严格、工艺严谨、制作复杂，含选皮、润湿、描绘踏图、敲压轮廓、染色、镶嵌填充6个步骤[^s1]。其中镶嵌填充需在皮面钻出大小、形状吻合装饰物的钻孔，将珠宝、金属或其他装饰材料镶嵌粘贴在对应的钻孔内，或者在皮革做好的皮雕画面上找出需要做的立体层次部位，从皮革背面找准位置粘贴填充物，使其达到预期的立体效果[^s1]。代表性作品种类较多，大多与生活息息相关，有皮毛服饰、皮制箭囊、皮壶、皮雕镶嵌的马鞍、皮包、皮箱、皮画等，代表性作品有皮雕画《白文殊菩萨》、皮艺作品《乌兰牧骑》《草原歌盛世》等[^s1]。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n蒙古族皮艺通过师徒方式传承，有记载的传承谱系至今已有六代[^s1]。政府十分重视其保护传承，建立非遗传习基地，积极开展传承人研修研习培训计划，加强传承人培养；支持组建研学团队，开展项目体验，组织传承人开展公益讲座，积极宣传推广[^s1]。目前，该项目存续状况较好，学徒和从业人员达上万人[^s1]。蒙古族皮艺承载了游牧文化的生活印记，蕴含草原皮艺文化的历史变迁，体现了文化的多元性特征，对探寻皮艺发展历史、探索文化融合规律具有重要意义[^s1]。", "url": "/concepts/piyi.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "intangible_heritage" }, { "id": "concept_zhenjiu", "type": "concept", "title": "针灸", "slug": "zhenjiu", "summary": "针灸是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目（编号Ⅸ-5），是以经络腧穴理论为指导、运用针刺与艾灸调节人体平衡的传统医疗手段，2006年入选第一批名录，2010年列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。", "status": "published", "categories": [ "category-history" ], "tags": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "针灸 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/project_details/14834.html" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "中医针灸及京剧被列入联合国非物质文化遗产名录 - 中国非物质文化遗产网", "url": "https://www.ihchina.cn/news_other_details/16727.html" } ], "createdAt": "2026-11-03T15:19:26+08:00", "updatedAt": "2026-11-03T15:19:26+08:00", "updatedBy": "user:admin", "revision": 1, "body": "## 简介\n\n针灸是国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，项目编号Ⅸ-5，类别为传统医药，2006年入选第一批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，申报单位为中国针灸学会[^s1]。针灸由“针”和“灸”构成，是中医学的重要组成部分之一，是一种“内病外治”的医术，通过经络、腧穴的传导作用以及一定的操作法来治疗全身疾病。2010年11月16日，中国申报项目《中医针灸》经联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第五次会议审议通过，列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录[^s2]。\n\n## 历史渊源\n\n针灸源于古代砭石，针法是把毫针刺入患者身体某一穴位，运用捻转与提插等针刺手法来治疗疾病；灸法是把燃烧着的艾绒按一定穴位熏灼皮肤，利用热的刺激来治疗疾病。针灸理论认为，人体如同一个由各种经络连接起来运行的小宇宙，通过物理刺激经络，就有可能促进人体的自我调节功能并为病人带来健康；刺激方法包括用艾绒点炙或用针刺就这些管道的穴位，促进身体重新恢复平衡，进而达到预防和治疗疾病的目的。历代针灸著作与铜人、穴位图不断完善经络腧穴体系，使针灸成为体系完整、操作规范的传统医术。\n\n## 主要内容与特点\n\n针灸的主要内容包括经络理论、腧穴定位、针刺手法与艾灸方法。针刺时视各人具体情况选择用针，再以捻转、提插等手法刺激穴位；艾灸通常分为直接灸和间接灸，即把艾条直接放在穴位上，或放在靠近体表的距离炙烤所选区域，艾圆筒和艾条用干艾蒿叶制成。列入该项目扩展子项的代表性流派包括陆氏针灸疗法、杨继洲针灸、刘氏刺熨疗法、程氏针灸、蕲春艾灸疗法、岭南陈氏针法、赵氏雷火灸等，各流派在针具、手法与取穴上各有特色。\n\n## 传承与保护现状\n\n针灸的传承传统上在师徒之间或家族成员之间通过口头讲授和实际演示进行，目前也已纳入正规学历教育系统。国家级代表性传承人包括贺普仁、王雪苔、石学敏、郭诚杰、张缙等人，他们在针灸理论整理、临床推广与国际交流方面作出贡献。列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录后，针灸的国际传播进一步扩大，但保护仍面临挑战：传统针法与灸法的精细手法依赖长期临床体悟，记录与传授难度较大；同时需在现代医疗体系中规范操作与适应症，避免不规范行医带来的风险。", "url": "/concepts/zhenjiu.html", "lang": "zh-hant", "fallback": true, "availableLangs": [ "zh" ], "conceptKind": "other" } ], "lang": "zh-hant", "pagination": { "page": 420, "pageSize": 50, "total": 81299, "pageCount": 1000, "prevUrl": "/zh-hant/hot-419.json", "nextUrl": "/zh-hant/hot-421.json" } }