{
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  "title": "论语",
  "description": "《论语》是孔子弟子及再传弟子记录孔子及其弟子言行的语录体著作，今本二十篇，约成书于战国时期，是儒家最基本的经典。汉代有《古论》《齐论》《鲁论》之分，东汉郑玄校本成为后世通行本的底本，南宋以后与《大学》《中庸》《孟子》并称“四书”。",
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    "id": "work_cn_q276015",
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    "title": "论语",
    "slug": "analects",
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      "Analects"
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    "summary": "《论语》是孔子弟子及再传弟子记录孔子及其弟子言行的语录体著作，今本二十篇，约成书于战国时期，是儒家最基本的经典。汉代有《古论》《齐论》《鲁论》之分，东汉郑玄校本成为后世通行本的底本，南宋以后与《大学》《中庸》《孟子》并称“四书”。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
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    "tags": [
      "tag-classics",
      "tag-ancient-china"
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    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q276015",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276015"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "论语（中文维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%AD"
      },
      {
        "id": "wikisource",
        "title": "论语（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T00:01:46+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 5,
    "body": "## 概述\n\n《论语》是孔子弟子及再传弟子记录孔子及其弟子言行的语录体著作，今本二十篇，各篇取首句前两三字为题，如《学而》《为政》《述而》。全书约一万六千字，以对话与短章为主，是理解孔子思想最直接的材料，也是儒家最基本的经典。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 成书与编者\n\n旧说《论语》由孔子弟子及其再传弟子陆续编集，各篇成篇时间不一，今天多认为定型于战国时期；参与编撰者众，难指为一人之手。20世纪以来出土的郭店楚简、海昏侯墓汉简中都有《论语》或与它相关的文本，为文本流传提供了更早的实物证据。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 版本与传注\n\n汉代传本分《古论语》《齐论语》《鲁论语》三家，篇数各有差异；西汉张禹以《鲁论》为底本兼采《齐论》编成“张侯论”，流传最广。东汉郑玄又据《鲁论》篇章参考《古论》《齐论》作注，成为后世通行本的底本。三国魏何晏《论语集解》、南朝梁皇侃《论语义疏》、北宋邢昺《论语注疏》、南宋朱熹《论语集注》是历代最具影响的注本，其中朱熹注本被元明清科举奉为标准。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 内容与思想\n\n全书以“仁”为核心，兼及礼、义、忠恕、孝悌与君子人格，主张“为政以德”，并记述孔子“有教无类”“因材施教”的教学实践。语录体的表述多为点到即止，后世由此衍生出大量互相差异的解释。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 影响\n\n《论语》是中国读书人最基本的启蒙读本之一，自南宋以后列入“四书”，长期为科举取士的必考内容，并深刻影响了朝鲜半岛、日本、越南等地。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q1069886|《大学》]]\n- [[work_cn_q519778|《中庸》]]\n- [[work_cn_q134425|《道德经》]]",
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      "name": "古典名著",
      "description": "中國古代經典著作與小說。",
      "names": {
        "ar": "كلاسيكيات",
        "de": "Klassiker",
        "en": "Classics",
        "es": "Clásicos",
        "fr": "Classiques",
        "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ",
        "id": "Karya klasik",
        "it": "Classici",
        "ja": "古典名著",
        "ko": "고전 명저",
        "ms": "Karya klasik",
        "nl": "Klassiekers",
        "pt": "Clássicos",
        "ru": "Классика",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมคลาสสิก",
        "tr": "Klasik eserler",
        "vi": "Tác phẩm cổ điển",
        "zh": "古典名著",
        "zh-hant": "古典名著"
      },
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        "ar": "الأعمال الكلاسيكية والروايات في الصين ما قبل الحديثة.",
        "de": "Klassische Werke und Romane des vormodernen China.",
        "en": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.",
        "es": "Obras clásicas y novelas de la China premoderna.",
        "fr": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.",
        "hi": "पूर्व-आधुनिक चीन की शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ और उपन्यास।",
        "id": "Karya klasik dan novel Tiongkok pra-modern.",
        "it": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.",
        "ja": "中国古代の古典的な著作と小説。",
        "ko": "중국 고대의 고전 저술과 소설.",
        "ms": "Karya klasik dan novel China pramoden.",
        "nl": "Klassieke werken en romans uit het premoderne China.",
        "pt": "Obras clássicas e romances da China pré-moderna.",
        "ru": "Классические произведения и романы традиционного Китая.",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมและนวนิยายคลาสสิกของจีนก่อนยุคใหม่",
        "tr": "Modern öncesi Çin'in klasik eserleri ve romanları.",
        "vi": "Các tác phẩm và tiểu thuyết cổ điển của Trung Quốc tiền hiện đại.",
        "zh": "中国古代经典著作与小说。",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代經典著作與小說。"
      },
      "count": 1077
    },
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "中國古代",
      "description": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
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      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1095
    }
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