{
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  "title": "孙子兵法",
  "description": "《孙子兵法》是春秋末期孙武所著的兵书，全书十三篇，约六千字，是中国现存最早的军事理论著作，后世列为“武经七书”之首。1972年银雀山汉墓出土了西汉早期的竹简本，书中“知己知彼，百战不殆”“不战而屈人之兵”等论断流传最广。",
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    "id": "work_cn_q8251",
    "type": "work",
    "title": "孙子兵法",
    "slug": "art-war",
    "aliases": [
      "The Art of War"
    ],
    "previousSlugs": [
      "art-war-q8251"
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    "summary": "《孙子兵法》是春秋末期孙武所著的兵书，全书十三篇，约六千字，是中国现存最早的军事理论著作，后世列为“武经七书”之首。1972年银雀山汉墓出土了西汉早期的竹简本，书中“知己知彼，百战不殆”“不战而屈人之兵”等论断流传最广。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-literature"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-classics",
      "tag-ancient-china"
    ],
    "sources": [
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        "id": "wikidata",
        "title": "Wikidata Q8251",
        "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8251"
      },
      {
        "id": "zhwiki",
        "title": "孙子兵法（中文维基百科）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B5%E6%B3%95"
      },
      {
        "id": "wikisource",
        "title": "孙子兵法（维基文库）",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B5%E6%B3%95"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-25T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-01T00:02:59+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 5,
    "body": "## 概述\n\n《孙子兵法》是春秋末期孙武所著的兵书，全书十三篇、约六千字，是中国现存最早的军事理论著作，宋代以后列为“武经七书”之首。篇目依次为《计》《作战》《谋攻》《军形》《兵势》《虚实》《军争》《九变》《行军》《地形》《九地》《火攻》《用间》。[^zhwiki][^wikidata]\n\n## 作者与出土文本\n\n旧题作者为吴国将领孙武，史载他以兵法十三篇见吴王阖闾；宋代以来也有学者怀疑其成书于战国。1972年山东临沂银雀山汉墓出土西汉早期的《孙子兵法》竹简，与《孙膑兵法》同出一墓，证实了本书与孙膑兵法各自独立，也提供了今本之外的早期文本。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 内容与思想\n\n全书围绕“兵者，诡道也”展开，强调以谋略制胜，提出“上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城”“知己知彼，百战不殆”“不战而屈人之兵”等论断，并分别论述战争准备、地形利用、军队态势、火攻与间谍等具体问题。书中把战争视为政治、经济与外交的综合较量，而非单纯兵力相搏。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 流传与影响\n\n本书在唐代传入日本，被日本兵家奉为经典；清代被收入《四库全书》，宋代官定《武经七书》把它列为首位。它所讲的原则超出军事范围，广泛被用于政治、外交、商业决策等领域，并有英、法、德、日等多种译本。[^zhwiki]\n\n## 参见\n\n- [[work_cn_q276015|《论语》]]\n- [[work_cn_q134425|《道德经》]]",
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      "id": "tag-classics",
      "slug": "classics",
      "name": "古典名著",
      "description": "中國古代經典著作與小說。",
      "names": {
        "ar": "كلاسيكيات",
        "de": "Klassiker",
        "en": "Classics",
        "es": "Clásicos",
        "fr": "Classiques",
        "hi": "शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ",
        "id": "Karya klasik",
        "it": "Classici",
        "ja": "古典名著",
        "ko": "고전 명저",
        "ms": "Karya klasik",
        "nl": "Klassiekers",
        "pt": "Clássicos",
        "ru": "Классика",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมคลาสสิก",
        "tr": "Klasik eserler",
        "vi": "Tác phẩm cổ điển",
        "zh": "古典名著",
        "zh-hant": "古典名著"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "الأعمال الكلاسيكية والروايات في الصين ما قبل الحديثة.",
        "de": "Klassische Werke und Romane des vormodernen China.",
        "en": "Classic works and novels of pre-modern China.",
        "es": "Obras clásicas y novelas de la China premoderna.",
        "fr": "Œuvres classiques et romans de la Chine prémoderne.",
        "hi": "पूर्व-आधुनिक चीन की शास्त्रीय कृतियाँ और उपन्यास।",
        "id": "Karya klasik dan novel Tiongkok pra-modern.",
        "it": "Opere classiche e romanzi della Cina premoderna.",
        "ja": "中国古代の古典的な著作と小説。",
        "ko": "중국 고대의 고전 저술과 소설.",
        "ms": "Karya klasik dan novel China pramoden.",
        "nl": "Klassieke werken en romans uit het premoderne China.",
        "pt": "Obras clássicas e romances da China pré-moderna.",
        "ru": "Классические произведения и романы традиционного Китая.",
        "th": "วรรณกรรมและนวนิยายคลาสสิกของจีนก่อนยุคใหม่",
        "tr": "Modern öncesi Çin'in klasik eserleri ve romanları.",
        "vi": "Các tác phẩm và tiểu thuyết cổ điển của Trung Quốc tiền hiện đại.",
        "zh": "中国古代经典著作与小说。",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代經典著作與小說。"
      },
      "count": 1077
    },
    {
      "id": "tag-ancient-china",
      "slug": "ancient-china",
      "name": "中國古代",
      "description": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。",
      "names": {
        "ar": "الصين القديمة",
        "de": "Das alte China",
        "en": "Ancient China",
        "es": "China antigua",
        "fr": "Chine ancienne",
        "hi": "प्राचीन चीन",
        "id": "Tiongkok kuno",
        "it": "Cina antica",
        "ja": "中国古代",
        "ko": "중국 고대",
        "ms": "China purba",
        "nl": "Het oude China",
        "pt": "China antiga",
        "ru": "Древний Китай",
        "th": "จีนโบราณ",
        "tr": "Antik Çin",
        "vi": "Trung Quốc cổ đại",
        "zh": "中国古代",
        "zh-hant": "中國古代"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "التاريخ والشخصيات والتقسيمات الإدارية من عصر ما قبل تشين إلى أسرة تشينغ.",
        "de": "Geschichte, Personen und Verwaltungsgliederung von der Zeit vor Qin bis zur Qing-Dynastie.",
        "en": "History, people and administrative divisions from the pre-Qin era to the Qing dynasty.",
        "es": "Historia, personajes y divisiones administrativas desde la era pre-Qin hasta la dinastía Qing.",
        "fr": "Histoire, personnages et divisions administratives de l'époque pré-Qin à la dynastie Qing.",
        "hi": "चिन-पूर्व काल से चिंग राजवंश तक का इतिहास, व्यक्ति और प्रशासनिक विभाजन।",
        "id": "Sejarah, tokoh, dan pembagian administratif dari era pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "it": "Storia, personaggi e divisioni amministrative dall'epoca pre-Qin alla dinastia Qing.",
        "ja": "先秦から清代までの歴史・人物・行政区画。",
        "ko": "先秦부터 청대까지의 역사·인물·행정 구역.",
        "ms": "Sejarah, tokoh dan bahagian pentadbiran dari zaman pra-Qin hingga Dinasti Qing.",
        "nl": "Geschiedenis, personen en bestuurlijke indeling van de pre-Qin-periode tot de Qing-dynastie.",
        "pt": "História, personagens e divisões administrativas da era pré-Qin até à dinastia Qing.",
        "ru": "История, персоналии и административное деление от доциньской эпохи до династии Цин.",
        "th": "ประวัติศาสตร์ บุคคล และเขตการปกครองตั้งแต่ยุคก่อนฉินจนถึงราชวงศ์ชิง",
        "tr": "Qin öncesi dönemden Qing hanedanına kadar tarih, kişiler ve idari bölümler.",
        "vi": "Lịch sử, nhân vật và đơn vị hành chính từ thời Tiền Tần đến nhà Thanh.",
        "zh": "先秦至清代的历史、人物与政区。",
        "zh-hant": "先秦至清代的歷史、人物與政區。"
      },
      "count": 1097
    }
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