{
  "contentStorage": "postgres",
  "title": "巴伐利亚州（Freistaat Bayern）",
  "description": "巴伐利亚州面积约70,500平方公里，是德国面积最大的联邦州，人口约1310万（2022年人口普查），居第二位；首府为慕尼黑。",
  "url": "/zh/places/de-bayern.html",
  "entity": {
    "id": "place_de_bayern",
    "type": "place",
    "title": "巴伐利亚州（Freistaat Bayern）",
    "slug": "de-bayern",
    "aliases": [
      "Bayern",
      "Bavaria",
      "Freistaat Bayern"
    ],
    "summary": "巴伐利亚州面积约70,500平方公里，是德国面积最大的联邦州，人口约1310万（2022年人口普查），居第二位；首府为慕尼黑。",
    "status": "published",
    "categories": [
      "category-geography",
      "category-history"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "tag-admin-division"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "wikipedia",
        "title": "Bayern — Wikipedia",
        "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayern",
        "locator": "abgerufen 2026-10-28"
      }
    ],
    "createdAt": "2026-10-28T00:00:00+08:00",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:41:39+08:00",
    "updatedBy": "user:admin",
    "revision": 19,
    "body": "## 概况\n\n巴伐利亚自由州位于德国东南部，与奥地利和捷克接壤。州首府为慕尼黑。巴伐利亚是面积最大的联邦州（约70,500平方公里），人口约1310万（2022年人口普查）。ISO 3166-2代码为DE-BY。巴伐利亚是1949年德意志联邦共和国的创始州之一。\n\n## 行政区划\n\n全州分为7个行政专区：上巴伐利亚、下巴伐利亚、上普法尔茨、上弗兰肯、中弗兰肯、下弗兰肯和施瓦本。其下设有71个县和25个直辖市——数量为各联邦州之最。\n\n## 主要城市\n\n- 慕尼黑（约150万人口）\n- 纽伦堡（约52万人口）\n- 奥格斯堡（约30万人口）\n- 雷根斯堡（约23.5万人口）\n- 因戈尔施塔特（约14万人口）\n\n## 交通\n\n慕尼黑是德国南部最重要的交通枢纽，拥有慕尼黑机场以及通往全国各地的ICE线路。慕尼黑地铁拥有从[[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u1|U1]]到[[concept_ubahn_muenchen_u8|U8]]的线路，由[[organization_mvg|慕尼黑交通公司（MVG）]]运营；纽伦堡也拥有自己的地铁。\n\n## 经济\n\n巴伐利亚拥有德国规模最大的州级经济，汽车与航空航天工业（宝马、奥迪）、电气工程（西门子）、半导体（英飞凌）等行业实力雄厚，阿尔卑斯山区的旅游业也十分发达。",
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    "lang": "zh",
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      "nl",
      "pt",
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    ],
    "placeKind": "Bundesland",
    "coordinates": {
      "latitude": 48.79,
      "longitude": 11.5
    },
    "adminArea": "Deutschland",
    "established": {
      "year": 1949,
      "precision": "year",
      "display": "1949 (Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland)"
    }
  },
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  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "tag-admin-division",
      "slug": "admin-division",
      "name": "行政区划",
      "description": "省、地、县各级行政区及其历史沿革。",
      "names": {
        "ar": "تقسيم إداري",
        "de": "Verwaltungsgliederung",
        "en": "Administrative division",
        "es": "División administrativa",
        "fr": "Division administrative",
        "hi": "प्रशासनिक विभाजन",
        "id": "Pembagian administratif",
        "it": "Divisione amministrativa",
        "ja": "行政区画",
        "ko": "행정 구역",
        "ms": "Bahagian pentadbiran",
        "nl": "Bestuurlijke indeling",
        "pt": "Divisão administrativa",
        "ru": "Административное деление",
        "th": "เขตการปกครอง",
        "tr": "İdari bölüm",
        "vi": "Đơn vị hành chính",
        "zh": "行政区划",
        "zh-hant": "行政區劃"
      },
      "descriptions": {
        "ar": "المقاطعات والولايات والمناطق على مختلف المستويات وتطورها التاريخي.",
        "de": "Provinzen, Präfekturen und Kreise sowie ihre historische Entwicklung.",
        "en": "Provinces, prefectures and counties, with their historical evolution.",
        "es": "Provincias, prefecturas y condados, y su evolución histórica.",
        "fr": "Provinces, préfectures et comtés, et leur évolution historique.",
        "hi": "प्रांत, प्रीफ़ेक्चर और ज़िले तथा उनका ऐतिहासिक विकास।",
        "id": "Provinsi, prefektur, dan kabupaten beserta perkembangan historisnya.",
        "it": "Divisioni a livello provinciale, prefettizio e distrettuale e la loro evoluzione storica.",
        "ja": "省・地・県各級の行政区画とその歴史的沿革。",
        "ko": "성·지·현 각급 행정 구역과 그 역사적 연혁.",
        "ms": "Wilayah peringkat provinsi, prefektur dan daerah serta perkembangan sejarahnya.",
        "nl": "Provincies, prefecturen en districten en hun historische ontwikkeling.",
        "pt": "Divisões provinciais, prefeituras e condados e a sua evolução histórica.",
        "ru": "Провинции, округа и уезды, а также их историческое развитие.",
        "th": "เขตการปกครองระดับมณฑล จังหวัด และอำเภอ ตลอดจนพัฒนาการทางประวัติศาสตร์",
        "tr": "İl, vilayet ve ilçe düzeyindeki idari birimler ve tarihsel gelişimi.",
        "vi": "Các cấp tỉnh, địa khu, huyện và quá trình phát triển lịch sử.",
        "zh": "省、地、县各级行政区及其历史沿革。",
        "zh-hant": "省、地、縣各級行政區及其歷史沿革。"
      },
      "count": 38838
    }
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          "entityId": "place_de_muenchen",
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      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_muenchen",
      "targetTitle": "慕尼黑（München）",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/de-muenchen.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
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      "id": "located_de_bayern_germany",
      "fromId": "place_de_bayern",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_deutschland",
      "sourceRefs": [
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          "entityId": "place_de_bayern",
          "sourceId": "wikipedia"
        }
      ],
      "label": "位于",
      "targetId": "place_deutschland",
      "targetTitle": "德国（德意志联邦共和国）",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/deutschland.html",
      "incoming": false
    },
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      "id": "relation_grassau_located_in_state",
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      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_grassau",
          "sourceId": "profile"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_grassau",
      "targetTitle": "Grassau",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/grassau.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_augsburg_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_augsburg",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_augsburg",
          "sourceId": "profile"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_augsburg",
      "targetTitle": "Augsburg",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/augsburg.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_berchtesgaden_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_berchtesgaden",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
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          "entityId": "place_de_berchtesgaden",
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      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_berchtesgaden",
      "targetTitle": "Berchtesgaden",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/berchtesgaden.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
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      "relationType": "located_in",
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      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_kruen",
          "sourceId": "profile_1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_kruen",
      "targetTitle": "克吕恩",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/kruen.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_neunburg_vorm_wald_located_in_state",
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      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_neunburg_vorm_wald",
          "sourceId": "profile_1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_neunburg_vorm_wald",
      "targetTitle": "森林前诺伊堡",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/neunburg-vorm-wald.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_nuernberg_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_nuernberg",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_nuernberg",
          "sourceId": "profile_1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_nuernberg",
      "targetTitle": "纽伦堡",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/nuernberg.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_rottach_egern_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_rottach_egern",
      "relationType": "located_in",
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      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_rottach_egern",
          "sourceId": "profile_1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_rottach_egern",
      "targetTitle": "罗塔赫-埃格恩",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/rottach-egern.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_teisnach_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_teisnach",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_teisnach",
          "sourceId": "profile_1"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_teisnach",
      "targetTitle": "泰斯纳赫",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/teisnach.html",
      "incoming": true
    },
    {
      "id": "relation_place_de_wirsberg_located_in_state",
      "fromId": "place_de_wirsberg",
      "relationType": "located_in",
      "toId": "place_de_bayern",
      "sourceRefs": [
        {
          "entityId": "place_de_wirsberg",
          "sourceId": "michelin_profile"
        }
      ],
      "label": "包含地点",
      "targetId": "place_de_wirsberg",
      "targetTitle": "Wirsberg",
      "targetUrl": "/zh/places/wirsberg.html",
      "incoming": true
    }
  ],
  "mentions": [
    {
      "fromId": "concept_germany_admin_divisions",
      "fromTitle": "德国行政区划",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/concepts/germany-admin-divisions.html",
      "fromType": "concept"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_augsburg",
      "fromTitle": "Augsburg",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/augsburg.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_berchtesgaden",
      "fromTitle": "Berchtesgaden",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/berchtesgaden.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_grassau",
      "fromTitle": "Grassau",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/grassau.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_kruen",
      "fromTitle": "克吕恩",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/kruen.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_neunburg_vorm_wald",
      "fromTitle": "森林前诺伊堡",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/neunburg-vorm-wald.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_nuernberg",
      "fromTitle": "纽伦堡",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/nuernberg.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_perasdorf",
      "fromTitle": "Perasdorf",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/perasdorf.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
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      "fromId": "place_de_rottach_egern",
      "fromTitle": "罗塔赫-埃格恩",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/rottach-egern.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    },
    {
      "fromId": "place_de_simmershofen",
      "fromTitle": "Simmershofen",
      "fromUrl": "/zh/places/simmershofen.html",
      "fromType": "place"
    }
  ],
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      "revision": 19,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-31T12:41:39+08:00",
      "message": "当前版本",
      "hasSnapshot": true,
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      "key": "place_kind",
      "label": "地点类型",
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      "key": "admin_area",
      "label": "行政区划",
      "value": "Deutschland"
    },
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      "key": "coordinates",
      "label": "坐标",
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      "label": "建置/设立",
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