knowledge
Opere · work_nobel_prize_1978
1978 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 5 个奖项、9 位得主，获奖名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 3 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位，瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 1 位。
1978 年诺贝尔奖是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1978-10-05 至 1978-10-17 陆续公布[1]。
| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |
|---|---|---|
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 3 |
| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1978-10-17 | 1 |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1978-10-12 | 3 |
| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1978-10-05 | 1 |
| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 1978-10-16 | 1 |
得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。
| Livello | Name | 获奖理由 | 获奖时所属机构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 彼得·卡皮查[1] | for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics | Academy of Sciences |
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 阿诺·彭齐亚斯[1] | for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation | Bell Laboratories |
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 罗伯特·威尔逊[1] | for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation | Bell Laboratories |
| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 彼得·米切尔[2] | for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory | Glynn Research Laboratories |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 沃纳·亚伯[3] | for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics | Biozentrum der Universität |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 丹尼尔·那森斯[3] | for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 汉弥尔顿·史密斯[3] | for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics | Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 艾萨克·巴甚维斯·辛格[4] | for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life | |
| 瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖 | 赫伯特·西蒙[5] | for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations | Carnegie Mellon University |