knowledge
Opere · work_nobel_prize_1945
1945 年诺贝尔奖由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项基金颁发，本年度共颁出 4 个奖项、6 位得主，获奖名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布：诺贝尔物理学奖 1 位，诺贝尔化学奖 1 位，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 3 位，诺贝尔文学奖 1 位。
1945 年诺贝尔奖是按阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔遗嘱设立、由诺贝尔基金会管理的奖项在这一年的得主名单。本年度得主名单在 1945-10-25 至 1945-11-15 陆续公布[1]。
| 奖项 | 公布日期 | 得主人数 |
|---|---|---|
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |
| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 1945-10-25 | 3 |
| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 1945-11-15 | 1 |
得主姓名、获奖理由与奖金份额均以诺贝尔奖官方公布为准[1]；各奖项的详细颁奖决定与得主简介见对应奖项的官方页面。
| Livello | Name | 获奖理由 | 获奖时所属机构 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 诺贝尔物理学奖 | 沃尔夫冈·泡利[1] | for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle | Princeton University |
| 诺贝尔化学奖 | 阿尔图里·伊尔马里·维尔塔宁[2] | for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method | University of Helsinki |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 亚历山大·弗莱明[3] | for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases | London University |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩[3] | for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases | University of Oxford |
| 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 | 霍华德·弗洛里，弗洛里男爵[3] | for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases | University of Oxford |
| 诺贝尔文学奖 | 加夫列拉·米斯特拉尔[4] | for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world |