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People
Zong Bao is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and an officer under Kong Rong, grand administrator of Beihai. When the remnant Yellow Turban leader Guan Hai attacked Beihai, Zong Bao rode out to fight and was cut down within a few bouts.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]
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Tang Bin (235–294), courtesy name Ruzong, was a man of Zou in the state of Lu and a general of Cao Wei and Western Jin. He took up bow and horse in youth and the classics later, served as vanguard under Wang Jun in the conquest of Wu, then commanded Youzhou, where he restored the old wall and pushed back the frontier. He died in office as governor of Yongzhou in 294 with the posthumous name Xiang.
People
Cheng Ji (died 222), courtesy name Jiran, was a man of Langzhong in Ba Commandery at the end of the Eastern Han. He once refused to lend troops to Pang Xi's suspicious scheme under Liu Zhang, later served Liu Bei, and died in 222 fighting pursuers after the defeat at Yiling.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]
People
Zhou Xingsi (died 521), courtesy name Zhizuan, was a man of Xiang in Chen commandery and an official and writer of the Liang. He went to the capital to study at thirteen, won Emperor Wu's notice with the Rhapsody on Peace and Rest, and was repeatedly commissioned to write inscriptions and proclamations, including the verse arrangement of one thousand characters from Wang Xizhi's writing, known as the Thousand Character Classic. He died in 521.
People
Zixu Shangren is a fictional Daoist in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who lives on Jinping Mountain in Yi Province and can foretell people's fates. When Liu Bei attacked Yi Province, Liu Gui and others consulted him on the way, and he wrote eight lines hinting at Pang Tong's death and Zhuge Liang's pacification of Yi.[^wikidata][^zhwiki]
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Si Xingfang is a character in the novel Water Margin, a subordinate of Fang Tianding, the crown prince of the rebel Fang La, and one of the four marshals of the southern realm with the title General Who Protects the State. He holds Hangzhou with Deng Yuanjue, Shi Bao and Li Tianrun, kills Lei Heng of Liangshan at Deqing, and is later defeated by Lu Junyi and Huyan Zhuo and drowns while pursuing across a stream.
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Liu Li, courtesy name Fengxiao, was a son of Liu Bei of Shu Han by a concubine and a half-brother of the Later Lord Liu Shan. He was made Prince of Liang in 221, re-enfeoffed as Prince of Anping in 230, and died in the seventh year of Yanxi (244) with the name Prince Dao. Wikidata's structured death year reads 224, but the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Wikidata's own description point to 244.
People
Liu Fu (2nd century – 238), also written Liu Pu, was censor-in-chief to Gongsun Yuan, the self-proclaimed King of Yan in Liaodong. He was sent with Wang Jian to ask Sima Yi to lift the siege and was executed by him. Wikidata gives his death as 239, one year later than Chinese Wikipedia.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]
People
Zhang Jie is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, an official of Cao Wei who holds the post of attendant gentleman of the yellow gate. When Sima Yan pressed Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate, he denounced Sima Yan as a usurper and was beaten to death by Sima Yan's soldiers. Wikidata records his death in 266.
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Liu Hongji (582–650), from Chiyang in Yongzhou, was a founding general of the Tang. He ran afoul of the law on the way to the Liaodong campaign at the end of the Sui, then served Li Yuan and Li Shimin at Taiyuan, recruited troops for the uprising and took part in the march on Chang'an. He was made Duke of Kui, died in 650, and was buried beside the Zhao Mausoleum with the posthumous name Xiang.
People
Wei Zi (died 190), courtesy name Zixu, was a Late Han man from Xiangyi in Chenliu who was recommended as filial and incorrupt. In 189 he helped Cao Cao raise troops with his own wealth, and he was killed in the fighting at Xingyang against Dong Zhuo.[^zhwiki][^wikidata]
People
Liu Guangshi (1086–1142), courtesy name Pingshu, was a general of the early Southern Song from Baoan Army and the second son of Liu Yanqing. He helped put down Fang La, held command posts across the Yangtze and Huai regions after the Song crossed south, and lost his troops in 1137 after Zhang Jun's impeachment. He died aged fifty-four and received the posthumous name Wuxi.
People
Zhang Shao is a character in Investiture of the Gods who sets up the Red Sand formation, one of the Ten Heavenly Lords of Golden Turtle Island. King Wu of Zhou goes in to break it himself and suffers for a hundred days inside before the Southern Pole Immortal rescues him. The Immortal fans away the red sand with the five-fire seven-bird fan, and the White Crane Boy gives Zhang Shao the fatal blow.
People
Zhang Gongjin (594–632), courtesy name Hongshen, was a man of Fanshui in Weizhou and an early Tang general. Before the Xuanwu Gate incident he urged the Prince of Qin to act rather than rely on divination, and during the coup he closed the gate alone against the Crown Prince's troops. As governor of Daizhou he set out six reasons to attack the Eastern Turks, served as Li Jing's deputy, and died in 632 as governor of Xiangzhou with the name Xiang.
People
Li Chunxiang is a fictional character in chapter 57 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the concubine of the attendant gentleman Huang Kui, who is secretly involved with Huang Kui's brother-in-law Miao Ze. At Miao Ze's urging she draws out Huang Kui's plan to kill Cao Cao and tells Miao Ze, who informs Cao Cao, and Huang Kui and Ma Teng are killed. Cao Cao despises Miao Ze for it and has him and Li Chunxiang executed together.
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Li Fu, courtesy name Sunde, was an official of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Wikidata records his birth in 195 and his birth place as Mianyang. After Liu Bei took Yi province he served as clerk, magistrate of Xichongguo and magistrate of Chengdu, and in the Jianxing years as grand administrator of Baxi and other posts. On orders he visited the ill Zhuge Liang and carried his last words back to the emperor. He died of illness not long after the first year of Yanxi.
People
Yue Yun (1119–1141), courtesy name Yingxiang, style name Huiqing, was a man of Tangyin in Xiangzhou and the eldest son of the Southern Song general Yue Fei. He joined the army at twelve, led the climb up the walls with two iron mallets in the recovery of the Xiangyang region, and rose to Left Martial Grand Master and defense commissioner of Zhongzhou. After his father was stripped of command in 1141, Qin Gui and Zhang Jun framed him and Zhang Xian, and he was executed with Zhang Xian.
People
Cao Xun (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei, enfeoffed as Marquis of Wansui Pavilion. Cao Shuang made him general of the guards while he held the regency. After the coup at the Gaoping tombs in 249 Cao Shuang and all his brothers were beheaded for treason, and Cao Xun's three clans were exterminated.
People
Cao Yan (died 249) was a man of Qiao county in the commandery of Qiao, a son of Cao Zhen and younger brother of Cao Shuang in Cao Wei. When Cao Shuang held the regency he made him an attendant at court. In 249 Cao Shuang accompanied Emperor Cao Fang on a visit to the Gaoping tombs and Sima Yi seized power. Cao Yan was dismissed and soon beheaded for treason, with his three clans exterminated.
People
Puxian Zhenren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy and one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun, with his own cave on Mount Jiugong and the disciple Mu Zha. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he subdues Lingya Xian, who reverts to a white elephant and becomes his mount. He later turns to the West and becomes the bodhisattva Puxian.
People
Cao E (130 – 143) was a filial daughter of the Eastern Han from Shangyu in Kuaiji. In the second year of Han'an her father Cao Xu drowned in the river during a rite, and his body was not found. At fourteen she wept along the river for seventeen days and then threw herself in. In the first year of Yuanjia the magistrate Du Shang reburied her and set up a stele, and she came to be honored as a water spirit.
People
Zhong Jin is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms who does not appear in the standard histories. He is the younger brother of Zhong Yao, governor of Chang'an, and a commander under Cao Cao in the novel. When Ma Chao attacks Chang'an, he guards the west gate and is cut down by Pang De when he runs to put out a fire at night.
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Lady You is the wife of Jia Zhen and the legal mother of Jia Rong in Dream of the Red Chamber, the mistress who runs the Ningguo house, described as a gourd with its mouth sawn off. When her daughter-in-law Qin Keqing died she fell ill and Jia Zhen asked Wang Xifeng of the Rong house to manage the household. She tried hard to stop the marriage of You Erjie but failed. The sources give no personal name.
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Jieyin Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods and, with Zhunti Daoren, a head of the Western teaching, whose role is to lead immortals of the Chan and Jie teachings who have a bond with the West to the West. He is sixteen chi tall and wears his hair in a topknot, and his treasures are the sarira, the green-lotus banner, a whisk and the pouch of heaven and earth. In the Ten Thousand Immortals Formation he gathers into the pouch all who share that bond.
People
Wang Jin is the arms instructor of the eight-hundred-thousand imperial guards at Dongjing in the novel Water Margin, skilled in all eighteen weapons and above all in the staff. Having offended the grand commandant Gao Qiu, he flees by night with his mother, teaches and takes Shi Jin as a pupil at the Shi estate, then goes on to Yan'an, after which he does not appear in the book. The Chinese Wikipedia article says a historical person of this name also existed.
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Cihang Daoren is a character of Investiture of the Gods, corresponding to the Daoist goddess Cihang Zhenren. The novel makes her a disciple of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy, one of the twelve immortals of Kunlun with her own cave on Mount Putuo, who later joins the Western Buddhist teaching. The cited article notes that the novel merges her with the Buddhist Guanyin.
People
Su Yuanjing is a grand commandant of the court in the novel Water Margin, who fits a prophecy of the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens. Honest, loyal and upright, he strongly favors amnesty for Liangshan. The court sends edicts three times, and only the third, carried by him, succeeds. The Liangshan heroes also rely on his protection whenever they fall into danger.
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Ning Sui is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a Shu Han general serving as Jiang Wei's deputy. In the Wei conquest of Shu, the Wei general Zhuge Xu holds the Yinping bridgehead to cut off Jiang Wei's retreat, and Ning Sui proposes striking what the enemy must rescue: Jiang Wei should feign an attack on Yongzhou to draw Zhuge Xu back.
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Meng Zong (died 271), courtesy name Gongwu, was a man of Jiangxia and a senior minister of late Eastern Wu who rose to minister of works. He later changed his name to Meng Ren to avoid a taboo on the courtesy name of Sun Hao, and is the hero of the filial tale of weeping in the bamboo grove that brought forth shoots, in the Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety. He died in the ninth month of 271 and was buried at Wuchang.
People
Sun Shaozu is the husband of Jia Yingchun in Dream of the Red Chamber, nicknamed the Wolf of Zhongshan. He is from Datong prefecture in Shanxi, descended from army officers, and was once a protege of the Ning and Rong houses. Coarse and vile, he loves women, gambling and drink, and he abuses Yingchun until she dies. After the Jia family's property is seized, he writes to Jia Zheng demanding money that Jia She owed him.
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Li Wan, courtesy name Gongcai, is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber and one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in the main register. She is the wife of Jia Zhu, the eldest son of Jia Zheng. Widowed young, she raised her posthumous son Jia Lan, was kind and did not interfere much, was called the Great Bodhisattva, and served as head of the Begonia Poetry Club under the name Daoxiang Laonong.
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Queen Consort Jiang is the first queen of King Zhou of Shang in Investiture of the Gods and the earlier tale of King Wu's Attack on Zhou. She is the daughter of Jiang Huanchu, Lord of the Eastern Marches, and the mother of the crown princes Yin Jiao and Yin Hong. Framed by Daji, she is demoted and put into the cold palace, is restored, and then dies at Daji's hands, afterwards becoming the Taiyin star. The sources give no personal name.
People
Jia Xichun is the youngest of the four Jia sisters in Dream of the Red Chamber, the youngest daughter of Jia Jing of the Ningguo house and a full sister of Jia Zhen, raised in the Rongguo house at the side of the Lady Dowager. Aloof and cold in temper, she represents the Buddhist idea of emptiness in the book, and by her fate verse she becomes a nun after the Jia house is raided.
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Ge Ding is a fictional character in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, from Donglai commandery in Qing province, a fellow townsman and subordinate officer of Taishi Ci. Sent by Taishi Ci into Hefei to set a fire, he was found out by Zhang Liao, captured by Li Dian, and beheaded in front of Zhang Liao's horse.
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Yu Fan (164–233), courtesy name Zhongxiang, from Yuyao in Kuaiji, was a classical scholar and official of Eastern Wu, learned in the Book of Changes and also skilled in medicine. His blunt remonstrance offended Sun Quan; he was exiled to Jing county in Danyang and later to Jiaozhou, where he taught for more than ten years and died at seventy.
People
Jia Yuanchun is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, a daughter of Jia Zheng and Lady Wang and the elder full sister of Jia Baoyu, named Yuanchun because she was born on the first day of the first month. After being chosen for the palace she is made Virtuous Consort, and the Jia house builds the Grand View Garden for her visit home. The last forty chapters have her die in the palace, with contradictory statements about her age.
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Jia Yingchun is a character in Dream of the Red Chamber, a daughter of Jia She of the Rongguo house by a concubine, half-sister of Jia Lian, and a resident of Ziling Isle in the Grand View Garden. Gentle and kind but timid, she was married off by Jia She to settle a debt to the 'wolf of Zhongshan', Sun Shaozu, and died after ill-treatment.
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Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun, also called the Great Emperor of Green Splendor of the Eastern Pole, is a Daoist deity who lives in the Miaoyan palace of the Qinghua Changle realm and delivers suffering souls. He is pictured riding a nine-headed lion with a willow branch and purifying water, and appears in Journey to the West.
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Lu Junyi is the deputy leader of the Liangshan marsh band in Water Margin, second only to Song Jiang, nicknamed the Jade Qilin. A rich man and master of spear and staff in Daming prefecture, he is lured up Liangshan by Wu Yong's scheme, and after the amnesty fights the Liao, Tian Hu, Wang Qing and Fang La, rising to pacification commissioner of Luzhou, and is poisoned with mercury by treacherous ministers.
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Jia Qiaojie is one of the Twelve Beauties of Jinling in Dream of the Red Chamber, the daughter of Wang Xifeng and Jia Lian. Born on the seventh of the seventh month, the Qiqiao festival, she was named Qiaojie by Granny Liu. In the first eighty chapters she is a sickly child, and after the Jia house falls she is in danger and is rescued by Granny Liu.
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Xin Ping (died 204), courtesy name Zhongzhi, from Yangdi in Yingchuan, was an adviser to Yuan Shao and then Yuan Tan at the end of the Eastern Han, and the elder brother of the Cao Wei minister Xin Pi. He sided with Yuan Tan in the quarrel with Yuan Shang, and in 204 his whole clan was killed in Ye by Shen Pei.
People
The Black Bear Spirit, also called the Black Wind Demon, is a monster in Journey to the West who lives in a cave on Black Wind Mountain and wields a black-tasseled spear. He steals Tang Sanzang's brocade cassock and clashes with Sun Wukong, and is finally subdued by Sun Wukong and the bodhisattva Guanyin, who takes him on as a guardian of the mountain.
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Lu Zhishen is one of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in Water Margin. Born Lu Da in Weizhou, he was an officer in a garrison office until he killed the butcher Zheng Tu and became a monk under the name Zhishen, known as the Flowery Monk. He saved Lin Chong at Wild Boar Forest, joined Liangshan, opposed accepting amnesty, and died in a temple at Hangzhou after the campaign against Fang La.
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Dong Jue, courtesy name Gongxi, from Yiyang in Jing province, was an important official of late Shu Han. He began on Zhuge Liang's staff, rose to director of the masters of writing and general who supports the state, and after Shu fell surrendered to Wei and was moved to Luoyang.
People
Liu Pi was one of the Yellow Turban leaders around Runan in the late Eastern Han. During the Guandu campaign he turned against Cao Cao in support of Yuan Shao and was driven back by Cao Ren. The Records of the Three Kingdoms contain two conflicting accounts of when he died, and this entry follows Wikidata in giving 201.
People
Töregene (died around 1246), of the Naimazhen clan, was the wife of the Mongol emperor Ögedei and the mother of Güyük. After Ögedei's death she ruled as regent for about five years, brought about Güyük's accession, and then lost power as mother and son fell out. She was later given the posthumous title Empress Zhaoci.
People
Lun Zhi (died 238) was a general under Gongsun Yuan in the Three Kingdoms period, and appears in Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a staff officer. He agreed with Jia Fan and spoke out against rebelling against Cao Wei, and was beheaded by Gongsun Yuan together with Jia Fan.
People
Li Ping'er is one of the main characters of the Ming novel Jin Ping Mei and a tragic figure in it. She is the sixth wife of Ximen Qing. She was first a concubine of Liang Zhongshu, then married Hua Zixu and Jiang Zhushan, and after joining Ximen Qing's household bore a son. She died soon after the child was frightened to death.
People
Lu You (1125–1210), courtesy name Wuguan, from Shanyin in Yuezhou, was a poet of the Southern Song. He was struck from the list by Qin Hui in his youth, then served under Emperor Xiaozong, in Sichuan on Wang Yan's staff and under Fan Chengda, always urging a campaign north. He retired to Shanyin and died in 1210 at the age of eighty-five.
People
Wu Can (187–245), courtesy name Kongxiu, was an official of Eastern Wu from Wucheng in Wu commandery. Rising from a minor clerk, he insisted on rescuing drowning soldiers at Dongkou, later became grand administrator of Kuaiji and grand tutor to the heir. In the dispute between the two palaces he held to the rule of legitimate succession and was slandered by Sun Ba and Yang Zhu, then jailed and executed.