Places
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein lies between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, has its capital in Kiel, and covers around 15,800 km² with about 2.91 million inhabitants (2022 census).
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Places
Thuringia (Free State of Thuringia)
Thuringia lies in the middle of Germany and, because of its forests, is called the 'green heart of Germany'; its capital is Erfurt, and it covers around 16,200 km² with about 2.12 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate lies in southwestern Germany, has its capital in Mainz, and covers around 19,900 km² with about 4.1 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Saarland
With around 2,570 km² and about 984,000 inhabitants (2022 census), Saarland is Germany's smallest territorial state; its capital is Saarbrücken.
Places
Saxony (Free State of Saxony)
Saxony lies on the border with Poland and the Czech Republic, has its capital in Dresden, and covers around 18,450 km² with about 4.06 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Lower Saxony
With around 47,700 km², Lower Saxony is the second-largest German federal state, has its capital in Hanover and about 8.0 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Hesse
Hesse lies in central Germany, has its capital in Wiesbaden, and covers around 21,100 km² with about 6.29 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Bavaria (Free State of Bavaria)
With around 70,500 km², Bavaria is the largest and, with about 13.1 million inhabitants (2022 census), the second most populous German federal state; its capital is Munich.
Places
Brandenburg
Brandenburg surrounds Berlin, has its capital in Potsdam, and covers around 29,650 km² with about 2.53 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Places
Hamburg (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg)
Hamburg is a city state on the Elbe and Alster with around 755 km² and about 1.85 million inhabitants (2022 census); it is Germany's second-largest city.
Places
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is a federal state in southwestern Germany with its capital Stuttgart, covering around 35,750 km² and home to about 11.1 million inhabitants (2022 census).
Organizations
KVB – Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe
The KVB – Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG operates the light rail and city bus services in Cologne.
Organizations
MVG – Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft
The Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG), founded in 2001, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Stadtwerke München (SWM) and operates the U-Bahn, tram and bus lines of the Bavarian state capital Munich.
Organizations
Stadtwerke Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt am Main (VGF)
The VGF operates the U-Bahn and tram in Frankfurt am Main; the city bus services have been run by In-der-City-Bus GmbH (ICB) since 2014.
Organizations
DB Fernverkehr AG
The DB Fernverkehr AG, founded in 1999, is the subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG for long-distance rail passenger transport with ICE, IC and EC/ECE.
Organizations
Hamburger Hochbahn AG
The Hamburger Hochbahn AG (HHA), founded in 1911 and 100 % owned by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, operates the four lines of the Hamburg U-Bahn as well as a large part of the Hamburg bus network.
Concepts
Long-distance coach Cologne – Berlin (Flixbus)
The long-distance coach connection Cologne – Berlin crosses the country over around 580 km and is operated by Flixbus in about eight to ten hours.
Organizations
BVG – Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) are the municipal transport company of the state of Berlin and operate the city's U-Bahn, tram, omnibuses and ferries.
Concepts
Long-distance coach Berlin – Dresden (Flixbus)
The long-distance coach connection Berlin – Dresden links the federal capital with the Saxon state capital over around 200 km and is operated by Flixbus in about two to three and a half hours.
Concepts
Long-distance coach Düsseldorf – Frankfurt (Flixbus)
The long-distance coach connection Düsseldorf – Frankfurt am Main links the Rhine metropolis with the financial centre over around 230 km and is operated by Flixbus in about three to four and a half hours.
Concepts
Long-distance coach Hamburg – Berlin (Flixbus)
The long-distance coach connection Hamburg – Berlin is one of the busiest German coach trunk routes and is operated by Flixbus in around three to four hours.
Concepts
Berlin Bus Network (BVG)
The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) operate one of the largest urban bus networks in Germany with around 150 day lines and 45 night lines, divided into MetroBus, ExpressBus and NachtBus.
Concepts
Frankfurt am Main Bus Network (VGF/Stadtwerke)
The Frankfurt city bus network consists of MetroBus lines (M), city bus lines (two-digit numbers) and ExpressBus lines (X) within the RMV fare system; since 2014 the bus operations have been run by In-der-City-Bus GmbH (ICB), part of the Stadtwerke group.
Concepts
Cologne Bus Network (KVB)
The Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe (KVB) operate around 60 bus lines on a route network of approx. 735 km, whose city lines carry the numbers 1xx and complement the light rail network.
Concepts
Munich Bus Network (MVG)
The Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) operates around 80 bus lines with a route network of approx. 546 km in Munich, divided into MetroBus, StadtBus, ExpressBus and night bus.
Concepts
Hamburg Bus Network (Hochbahn)
The Hamburger Hochbahn AG operates around 115–117 bus lines in Hamburg within the hvv, divided into MetroBus, SchnellBus, EilBus and night bus, complemented by city and regional buses of other operators.
Concepts
ICE 41 (Ruhr area – Munich)
ICE line 41 runs hourly from Essen via Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Würzburg and Nuremberg to Munich.
Concepts
ICE 43 (Hamburg – Basel)
ICE line 43 runs two-hourly from Hamburg-Altona via Bremen, the Ruhr area, Cologne, Frankfurt Airport, Mannheim and Karlsruhe to Basel, with individual trains continuing to Zurich or Chur.
Concepts
ICE 28 (Hamburg – Berlin – Munich)
ICE line 28 runs two-hourly from Hamburg-Altona via Berlin, Leipzig and Erfurt to Munich and, together with line 18, forms an hourly service between Hamburg and Nuremberg.
Concepts
ICE 29 (Berlin – Munich)
Since the timetable change in December 2025, ICE line 29 has run hourly as a Sprinter service between Berlin, Halle, Erfurt, Nuremberg and Munich with a journey time of around four hours.
Concepts
ICE 42 (Hamburg – Munich)
ICE line 42 runs two-hourly from Hamburg-Altona via Bremen, the Ruhr area, Cologne, Frankfurt Airport, Mannheim and Stuttgart to Munich.
Concepts
ICE 25 (Hamburg – Munich)
ICE line 25 runs hourly from Hamburg via Hanover, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Fulda, Würzburg and Nuremberg to Munich and since 2026 has been operated largely with ICE 4 trains.
Concepts
ICE 10 (Berlin – Cologne)
ICE line 10 connects Berlin hourly via Hanover, Bielefeld and the Ruhr area with Cologne; together with line 19 this produces an hourly service between Berlin and Cologne.
Concepts
ICE 11 (Berlin – Munich)
ICE line 11 runs two-hourly from Berlin via Leipzig, Erfurt, Fulda, Frankfurt am Main, Mannheim and Stuttgart to Munich.
Concepts
ICE 4 (Hamburg – Frankfurt)
ICE line 4 is a Sprinter service of DB Fernverkehr AG connecting Hamburg-Altona with Frankfurt am Main four times daily via Hamburg and Hanover.
Concepts
U3 (Nuremberg U-Bahn)
The U3 is the youngest line of the Nuremberg U-Bahn at 9.2 km with 14 stations; it opened on 14 June 2008 as Germany's first fully automatic U-Bahn and runs from Nordwestring to Großreuth bei Schweinau.
Concepts
U7 (Munich U-Bahn)
The U7 is a peak-hour reinforcement line of the Munich U-Bahn established in 2011, which runs on weekdays during peak hours; its regular route comprises 19 stations from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum to Neuperlach Zentrum; currently (since October 2023) it is operated shortened between Olympia-Einkaufszentrum and Sendlinger Tor due to a shortage of vehicles.
Concepts
U1 (Nuremberg U-Bahn)
The U1 is the oldest and, at 18.5 km with 27 stations, the longest line of the Nuremberg U-Bahn; it opened on 1 March 1972 and runs from Langwasser Süd to Fürth Hardhöhe.
Concepts
U5 (Munich U-Bahn)
The U5 of the Munich U-Bahn was opened in 1984, is 15.4 km long, serves 18 stations and runs from Laimer Platz to Neuperlach Süd.
Concepts
U1 (Munich U-Bahn)
The U1 is a line of the Munich U-Bahn that was established in 1980, is 12.2 km long and runs over 15 stations from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum in the north to Mangfallplatz in the south of Munich.
Concepts
U3 (Munich U-Bahn)
The U3 is the Olympic line of the Munich U-Bahn; its first section was opened in 1972, it is now 21.2 km long, serves 25 stations and runs from Moosach to Fürstenried West.
Concepts
U8 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U8 is an 18.0 km long line of the Berlin U-Bahn with 24 stations, opened on 17 July 1927, connecting Wittenau in Reinickendorf with Hermannstraße in Neukölln in a north–south direction via Gesundbrunnen and Alexanderplatz.
Concepts
U9 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U9 is a 12.5 km long, fully underground line of the Berlin U-Bahn with 18 stations, opened on 28 August 1961, connecting Osloer Straße in Gesundbrunnen via Zoologischer Garten with Rathaus Steglitz.
Concepts
U4 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
At 11.9 km in length and with 12 stations, the U4 is the shortest and youngest line of the Hamburg U-Bahn; it was opened in 2012 and runs from Elbbrücken via Jungfernstieg and Hauptbahnhof Nord to Billstedt.
Concepts
U1 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
At 55.4 km in length and with 47 stations, the U1 is the longest line of the Hamburg U-Bahn; running since 1 December 1914 (first section), it operates from Norderstedt Mitte via the city centre to Volksdorf with two branches to Ohlstedt and Großhansdorf.
Concepts
U2 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U2 is a 20.7 km long line of the Berlin U-Bahn with 29 stations, built in sections since 1902, connecting Pankow in the northeast via Alexanderplatz, Potsdamer Platz and Zoologischer Garten with Ruhleben in the west.
Concepts
U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U3 is a 19.7 km long line of the Berlin U-Bahn with 24 stations, opened on 12 October 1913, connecting Warschauer Straße in Kreuzberg via the Wilmersdorf/Dahlem villa quarter with Krumme Lanke in Zehlendorf.
Concepts
U4 (Berlin U-Bahn)
With 2.9 km and five stations, the U4 is the shortest line of the Berlin U-Bahn; it was opened on 1 December 1910 as Germany's first municipal U-Bahn and connects Nollendorfplatz with Innsbrucker Platz in Schöneberg.
Concepts
U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U5 is a roughly 22 km long line of the Berlin U-Bahn with 26 stations, opened on 21 December 1930, connecting Berlin Hauptbahnhof via Alexanderplatz and the eastern residential areas to Hönow on the eastern city outskirts.
Concepts
U1 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U1 is an east–west line of the Berlin U-Bahn, opened on 18 February 1902, with a length of 8.8 km and 13 stations, connecting Uhlandstraße with Warschauer Straße.